Mozarts Effect On The Musical World Music Essay

Mozarts Effect On The Musical World Music Essay I pay no attention whatever to anybodys praise or blame. I simply follow my own feelings. (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)(brainyquote.com). This is the very essence of Mozart as he composed to make music that he felt was right and in turn influenced the music world to come. Mozart brought new aspects to things in the music business such as different kinds of operas and the idea of being a free-lance musician, instead of working for the church or the government. This brought about the idea of musicians also being considered artists. Mozart made additions to the classical orchestra and helped to bring great popularity to the Italian and German operas. Even though Mozart has been accused of not actually composing all the pieces he has been credited for, though not proven up to this point, Mozart changed the way music is perceived because of Mozarts decisions that changed the rules of music and things such as The Mozart effect which has been argued by scientists to affect the human brain. Mozarts Life: Mozart has been considered that of a prodigal genius. . . . I must inform [you] that on 27 January, at 8 p.m., my dear wife was happily delivered of a boy; but the placenta had to be removed. She was therefore astonishingly weak. Now, however (God be praised) both child and mother are well. She sends her regards to you both. The boy is called Joannes Chrisostomos, Wolfgang, Gotlieb.(Mozart, L. http://www.mozartproject.org/biography/bi_56_60.html) He was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. Mozarts interest in music peaked at a very young age when his sister Nannerl said that the three year old Mozart often spent much time at the clavier, picking out thirds, which he was always striking, and his pleasure showed that it sounded good. (mozartproject.org). It took Mozart only about half an hour to learn and master his first musical composition which was charted in his sister, Nannerls journal by father Leopold, This piece was learnt by Wolfgangerl on 24 January 1761, 3 days bef ore his 5th birthday, between 9 and 9:30 in the evening. (mozartproject.org). Not after too long of his learning, the young Mozart composed his first composition which he put in Nannerls notebook. His composition only consisted of 6 measures in an andante in C Major. Though the young Mozart possessed great potential as a composer his father, Leopold, decided to direct his aims at his childrens growing progress as pianists. Leopold took his two children to perform on a tour of the courts of Europe. Their first trip did not last long as they travelled to the Munich court but shortly returned to Salzburg. Leopold then set out for a more dynamic tour and the first objective was Vienna. The success of his performance in Vienna caused mass excitement and the young Mozart was invited to perform in major courts of Europe. Leopold wrote. The nobles send us their invitations four, five, six to eight days in advance, in order not to miss us. (mozartproject.org). After all of these performances , the young Mozart was still not even at the age of seven. After returning from Vienna they spent some time back home in Salzburg but accepted an invitation to play in Versailles, France and left on June 9th. This trip would then last for over three years. On their trip to Paris they played many public and private events at the major cities they would pass through on their way to Versailles. Around Christmas Eve the family moved to Versailles for two weeks to experience the life of living in the most culturally influenced court of Europe. In the February following the meeting of the king and queen, Mozart struck with an illness but was active in four days and this month published his first compositions though they are thought to have been written by his father Leopold. There next destination was London as it proved to contain great business in the music market. Within days of arriving to England, Mozart was performing in front of the young king and queen. The king was so taken to Mo zart that he invited him back to play once again. Leopold became ill and this left Mozart with time to compose his own music in which he constructed his first symphony for all the instruments. They left London in of July 1765. In 1767 they headed back to Vienna and stayed there until 1768 when they then headed back to Salzburg. After a year back in Salzburg, Leopold and Mozart travelled to Italy. Wolfgang was put on display once again by his father where he was recognized for his maturing and rapid growth as a composer. He even was accepted to be a member of the Accademia Filarmonica, a distinguished music institute of the time. When in Milan, Wolfgang wrote one of his first operas, Mitridate, re di Ponto (1770), which had success. The next few visits were for the premieres of two more of his operatic pieces, Ascanio in Alba (1771) and Lucio Silla (1772). Even though his Italian travels didnt prove up to the expectations of his father he composed one of his more famous pieces, Exsul tate, jubilate. After returning to Salzburg in 1773, Wolfgang was appointed to be a court musician. During this time he explored many genres in which some of these pieces are still performed today. Mozart gained a liking for violin concertos and composed five and the last three are now seen as the base of the violin concerto itself. His piano concerto in E flat of 1776 was considered by his critics to be of breakthrough success, but Mozart found himself to be upset with his position in Salzburg and mainly wanted to compose operas, which were of rare occasions of the time. In august of 1777, Wolfgang quit his position in Salzburg and set out to travel along with his mother for work. This trip proved to be unsuccessful in Mozart finding what it was he was looking for and the worst of the trip was that of his mothers death on July 3rd, 1778. Mozart returned home on January 15, 1779 and took a new position that his father had rallied for him in which he was now the concertmaster, but Mo zart still found himself discontent in Salzburg. In the January of 1781 his opera Ideomeneo received some success and he travelled with the archbishop Colloredo when attending the celebrations of Joseph II to the throne. Mozart wanted to perform for the Emperor at Countess Thuns, but the archbishop prevented him which offended Mozart and once they returned from Vienna Mozart had attempted to resign but this request was refused. After a month he was allowed to resign, but was resigned in an insulting manner. This began Mozarts travel to Vienna where he decided to settle and be a freelance performer and composer. Once in Vienna, Mozarts career as a freelance musician began well as he managed to find multiple performances as a pianist and had won a competition in front of the Emperor and soon had established himself as the finest keyboard player in Vienna (magicmozart.com). He then in 1782 completed his first opera as a freelance composer which resulted in great success and was perform ed throughout Europe which greatly added to Mozarts reputation as a composer. Within the years of 1782 and 1783 Wolfgang became very interested with the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel which then had a great influence on his own musical compositions which are seen in fugal passages in Die Zauberflà ¶te (The Magic Flute) and the finale of Symphony No. 41. I 1783 Mozart and his wife Constanze visited in Salzburg where Mozart created to be said one of his most liturgical pieces, the Mass in C minor, but were not even completed. Haydn and Mozart met in Vienna and became good friends. Mozart had composed six quartets that were to be dedicated to Haydn. After the pieces were performed Haydns response was I tell you before God, and as an honest man, your son is the greatest composer known to me by person and repute, he has taste and what is more the greatest skill in composition. (magicmozart.com).For the three years between 1782 and 1785, Mozart would hav e concerts in which he performed as the soloist. He would perform about three to four piano concertos for each season of the year. Spacing within the theaters was very limited so Mozart would book his performances at places such as a large room in an apartment building or the ballroom of a restaurant. These venues with their larger space helped to add to the popularity and success of his concertos which are still played today as prime examples of the piano concerto. It was written by one of Mozarts critics that he had created a harmonious connection between an eager composer-performer and a delighted audience, which was given the opportunity of witnessing the transformation and perfection of a major musical genre (magicmozart.com). With the money Mozart earned from his concerts and other performances he was able to move into an expensive apartment along with his wife and children. He spent his money on unnecessary items and was not able to save any money that would later help them i n Mozarts later years. Around the end of 1785, Mozart once again went back to composing operas along with the librettist Lorenzo Da Ponte and in 1786 found a successful premiere of Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro in Vienna. Due to the success of this opera made Mozart once again collaborate with Lorenzo Da Ponte on Mozarts opera Don Giovanni which premiered in October 1787 in Prague and then found more success in 1788 in Vienna. These two operatic works are prime examples of Mozarts work and are still popular today, though the complexity of the work made it difficult for listeners and the performers of the time. By the end of 1787 Mozart had finally gained a part time position appointed by the Emperor Joseph II in which he was the Chamber Composer (magicmozart.com). This position only required him to compose dances for the annual balls. Mozart felt underappreciated and told his wife, Constanze that his pay was too much for what I do, too little for what I could do. (magicmozart.com) Even with Mozarts feelings he could not refuse the pay as it helped in Mozarts hard times later in life. The records of the court show that the reason Emperor Joseph II paid Mozart so much was to prevent him from leaving Vienna. In 1787 Ludwig van Beethoven, another great composer of the Classical era, visited Vienna for a couple of weeks in hopes of studying with Mozart. There is no direct accounts recorded that Beethoven and Mozart ever managed to meet or not, but the fact that Beethoven specifically wanted to study under Mozart shows how much of an influence he was on the music world at the time. In 1788, Mozart and his family moved to the suburbs of Alsegrund due to the collapse of the arts in Vienna. This was because there was a war in Austria and the arts had no support from the aristocrats at the time. It is suggested by Maynard Solomon that Mozart had been suffering from depression at the time since his income had decreased even more and he began borrowing money to pay his r ent and his output on compositions slowed as well. The major works he had managed to compose were his last three symphonies all written in 1788 and the last opera that he collaborated with Da Ponte, Cosà ¬ fan tutte which premiered in 1790. Due to Mozarts financial slump he began to make long travels to places such as Leipzig, Dresden, and Berlin in 1789 and then set out once again to Frankfurt, Mannheim, and other cities within Germany during 1790. The problem was that the trips during these times only proved some success and didnt relieve the family of their financial stupor. In 1791, before Mozart became deathly ill, he had a great time of productivity in which some historians view that Mozart had renewed himself during this time. Mozart composed many pieces within his final year including his admired pieces such as his operatic movement of The Magic Flute, a distinguished clarinet concerto, his final piano concerto in B- flat, the final of his last series of string quartet, Ave verum corpus, and his unfinished Requiem. By 1791, Mozarts financial debt had begun to improve as wealthy patron from Hungary and Amsterdam paid him well for occasional pieces and his role as the Imperial chamber composer also added to his wealth. Some of his works also received great praise and success in the eyes of the public during this time including The Magic Flute and his Little Masonic Cantata. After Mozarts premiere of the opera La clemenza di Tito he began to fall ill and was then bedridden on November 20th due to swelling, pain, and vomiting. He was then taken care of by his wife Constanze and the family doctor, Thomas Franx Closset. It was said that even in his time of great illness he was still occupied to finish his Requiem. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finally died at 1 a.m. on December 5th, 1791 at the young age of 35 years old. The cause of his death has not yet been able to be known for certain, but the one proposed diagnosis that is most widely supported is that of ac ute rheumatic fever. Even though Mozart was a great prodigy of his time and made great impacts on music, he was still buried in a common grave and was reported that no mourners were present. Though his funeral is not to reflect on that of his standing as a musician as many memorial services and concerts were attended in his honor. The Mozart effect: J.S. Jenkins, an MD FRCP, says that after being exposed to Mozarts music for 10 minutes that there has been an enhancement on spatial- temporal reasoning performance. This has only been reported by several researchers on this topic which rises a strong sense of controversy upon if the Mozart effect is truly a real effect on the human brain. The subjects that have been reported to the effects on their spatial- temporal reasoning have only seen lasting effects of up to 12 minutes. Then there is the limitation on the research itself due to the fact that many of the experiments were only tested with short excerpts of Mozarts piano sonata K448. Mozarts influences on the Classical era: In Mozarts instrumental music he always incorporated a sense of drama, which contrasted the moods that were set whether they are lively and playful or if they are solemn and tragic. He constructed his orchestration with notable writing of interweaving lines and imitative procedures, Along with the follow up of a development section containing moderately chromatic harmonies. Mozart wrote many pieces of chamber music including divertimentos and serenades that varied greatly. His most famous chamber work was his Eine Kleine Nachtmusik written in 1787. Mozart really favored string quartets as his last 10 quartets are some of the most renowned pieces of string quartets in the category. Mozarts Clarinet and strings quintet is one of the most popular still in todays audience. Mozart was one of the first composers to write for the clarinet which was one of the newer instruments of his time. The clarinet is one of the instruments classified as a color instrument along with instruments such as an oboe as it brings a new sense sound. He also incorporated the clarinet into many of his symphony pieces and created one of the first clarinets concertos. Mozart was one of the most accomplished piano players of his time and he wrote many pieces for his own instrument. His Fantasia in C minor and the Sonata in C minor are some of his most celebrated piano works. Mozart wrote twenty- seven concertos for piano and orchestra which the genre of piano music to one of the top genres of music in the Classical era. Mozarts symphonies and orchestras: Mozarts symphonies are characterized by his richness of orchestration along in part from his freedom of part writing in which he incorporates a large depth of emotion. The exact number of symphonies that Mozart had written is unsure. Four of the forty- one documented pieces are thought to have not been written by Mozart though. There are still newly discovered pieces and reworked compositions which put the number of symphonies by Mozart to over fifty. There are six pieces that Mozart has been dignified to the point of the works being considered masterpieces which were all composed in the last decade of his short thirty-five year life. The genre in which was most central to Mozarts musical art was the opera. Mozart wrote in three styles of the opera while alive: opera buffa, the Italian comic opera (The Marriage of Figaro and don Giovanni), opera seria, the Italian serious opera (idomeneo), and the light form of a German opera including The Magic Flute. Mozart excelled in creating character in his music along with his creativity in lyrics that carefully blended for the human voice. Mozart developed a quick and aggressive rhythmic theme that rises from low to high registers with great speed that became known as the rocket theme that was first present in his Eine kliene Nachtmusik. Mozart, along with Haydn helped to create a dynamic style of writing that included the participation of all instruments and allowed each timbre, The quality of sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another ( the enjoyment of Music A22), to be heard throughout the piece. The use of interchanging imitation of themes of the di fferent musical groups allowed for an effect of an exciting conversation between the respected musical groups. Mozart had his own take on the construction of the classical symphony, also referred to as the sonata- allegro form, in which he had two themes with as great of contrast as possible. Conclusion: Mozarts life was that of great excitement and even though was very short in years the things he had accomplished in his life were those greater than many will ever come close to touching in a full lifetime. His composing talents were that of what cannot be seen as less than extraordinary as he himself has over 40 symphonies and orchestras, along with operas, that are all published in his name. His positions reached as composers and orchestrators for royalty and at a very young age toured Europe playing for the most prestigious courts and kings and queens of the continent. Even due to his complexity of his pieces, he has made an impact that researchers have concluded as The Mozart effect. He also made contributions to the classical era such as demonstrating the importance of the modern piano and the creation of popularity for certain types of pieces such as the Opera Buffa and Opera Seria. He also managed to separate the job of being a composer or musician away from the church and the state. This freelance musicianship inspired many others after him such as the great musician also in his time, Ludwig van Beethoven. It is hard to find such another musician at his caliber where so many pieces, even after over 200 years, are still celebrated and well known throughout the world. His pieces are seen as the basis of technicality and precision in modern music. Personally, the contributions he has been able to add to the musical life has been able to effect, even unconsciously, by the most celebrated composers and orchestrators of our time. To conclude the evaluation of Mozarts Life and contributions to music, he has inspired many people, admirers, fans, and musicians alike to pursue such achievements that Mozart has accomplished and to be a freelance musician and be acknowledged on such a wide scale. Without the many contributions Mozart has made in all the composition documented and undocumented, the music world would not be valued at the same standard that they are n ow set at. Mozarts life itself was the change in music that helped bring it to a new age. Bibliography

Revitalization of the Daugava Riverside by the City of Riga

Urban contextHistory and urban construction alterationsRiga is the capital of Latvia which is a Northern state of Europe. The metropolis is good known by the Historic country inscribed in UNESCO’s World Heritage List on 4 December 1997, is considered of one of the largest and dynamic metropolis in Northern Europe whit the entire country is 304,2 square kilometres and the population around 713,000 in dwellers. The Riga metropolis has a really long and copiousness history which has a great influence to the urban context of the metropolis. Particularly in the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycentury, when World War I and World War II occurred, the state is under controlled of Russian Empire ( 1721 – 1917 ) , Germany ( 1917 – 1918, 1941 – 1944 ) and Soviet Union ( 1940 – 1941, 1944 – 1991 ) which changes the civilization every bit good as the manner of life of people, the urban construction and architectural of the whole metropolis is varied and complex. During the clip of the Russian Empire and Germany, Riga is a seaport metropolis which is the most vivacious and dynamic with over 800,000 industrial workers from Baltic state, Riga become the 3rd largest metropolis in term of the figure of workers after Moscow and Saint Peterburg. The value of the Daugava river and its waterfront was enhanced but it is dominated for ports and mills. As a consequence, the population of Riga metropolis increased rapidly which went along with the demand of lodging and infinites. More houses were built but harmonizing to Russian military ordinance, the people merely have the permission to construct wooden house in suburbs. In 1812, the wooden houses were destroyed by war and they were rebuilt but still follow the old wooden signifier. In mid-nineteenth century, the wooden houses have raised in figure and became surrounded the metropolis centre. These houses nowadays is a heritage and affects strongly to the preservation policy and urban theory. In 1860, a new maestro program with avenue, blocks of flat, alternate edifice and park were established. A new rail route was opened which stimulated the development of suburbs and mills, Riga port at that clip has the highest gross in Russian Empire, the river bank was developed rapidly. It led to a consequence that the economic system and the metropolis life existed with a strong connexion which is the chief quality of the development undertaking in the hereafter. In the period of So Viet Union, a new urban program was approved with the building of the big graduated table lodging undertaking every bit known as â€Å"mikrorayon† and the railway belt environing the metropolis centre. Besides that, the construction with the critical tallness such as Television tower ( 368m ) , Latvian academy of scientific discipline ( 108m ) were built, along with it Numberss of architecture tendencies were appeared in the urban context of Riga and one of those is the Art Nouveau which have specific architecture and the restriction of constructing tallness of 5 narratives. The alterations in urban construction in the Soviet Union times have the sinewy impacts to the policy of preservation in the current clip every bit so as the high restriction of edifice in the metropolis. Riga metropolis from holding independency boulder clay now ( 1991 – now ) has the important development. After 1995, metropolis started to reconstruct the valuable edifice and lodging which is considered as a roar in building at that clip, the service and new map edifices was established in the suburbs, efforts have been made to recover cultural symbol, historic value and houses which are lost after the 2nd World War. In the Riga particular program of 2006 – 2025, the new Riga centre has been created with the visions: planned as an country which is contrast the Old Riga in the right bank of Daugava river in a modern architecture and construction, full of map and services in which concern maps play as an of import function. Reduction in conveyance force per unit area in the Old Riga centre where the old circulation system to guarantee the saving intent of the old site. An international competition was hold by City of Riga to plan the new Riga along the left bank of the D augava River at that clip.Site contextThe riverbank of Daugava screens really larges districts in the entire cityscape country and travel along with the development of Riga through historical timeline when the metropolis economic system and day-to-day life have a stable nexus with the river Bankss. From the clip when Riga was found until now, the river has an every indispensable portion non merely because it is a metropolis natural component but besides the finding in planning and spacial individuality of the metropolis. For illustration, during the clip of Russian Empire and Soviet Union, because of the great function in H2O transit and industry, the metropolis construction has changed for the intent of functioning lodging for employees and edifice railway countries. From the really shortly period of 13Thursdaycentury, the substructure of Riga metropolis was changed, for functioning and linking seafaring with river transit by flatboats on Daugava, the merchandisers in Riga have cre ated a vivacious trading metropolis centre, the circulation system, constructing quality and unfastened infinite was improved for lading concern and burden. Until the 19Thursdaycentury, as a consequence of the rapid industrialisation, the development of railroads web and the embankment of port installations, the component of the ricer such as: islands, waterfront, etc. was transformed with the edifice of industrial objects and warehouses. It is assumed to be a comfortable clip of Riga Port every bit known as the major port of the Russian Empire. At the beginning of 20Thursdaycentury, a portion of Riga port was still situated right opposite the Old metropolis centre. The map of the market and the seaport was terminal in 1930 when the Central Market was established and broad public infinite were created in the metropolis centre. In World War II, the river Bankss of Daugava were destroyed, until 1949, they were reconstruct for basic and local transit demands. The port developed stronge r in lower Daugava, near the Bay of Riga. At the same clip, the developing industrialised countries along the riverbank appeared architecturally distractively and forestall the handiness of citizens. Presents, Riga metropolis has a develop program to work and reconstruct the value of the left bank and the right bank of Daugava river. The bing issue is traversing the river by Bridgess causes traffic jams in haste hours because of the high rise of autos and personal transit means. The infinites of Daugava river is defined by its derelict Bankss and aquatorium which is non considered to be a portion of incorporate urban environment in physically and psychologically. But due to the impacts in spacial composing and urban development in the yesteryear, the Daugava river can be understood as ‘the river of possibilities’( Dace Kalvane, 2010 ) . Its infinites can do a general position of metropolis position and lift. However, the handiness is prevent by bing substructures such as: span entree inclines and arterial roads which take downing the chances of river Bankss redevelopment and interaction for public community with waterfronts. The busy traffic flows separate the walkin g waies and diversion zones from the river Bankss. There is a deficiency of bike roads system in Daugava river countries. Those things led to a consequence that the river is about abandoned, it became more clearly when the old developments which were created in the yesteryear have lost their function in metropolis economic system and current developments have no connexion to the river. The development schemes for Riga metropolis from 2006 to 2025 expect to animate the nexus with Daugava for doing an active waterfront. Therefore, a varied enlargement of the riverbanks from different countries such as: container port and ware house country will be developed. The building of commercial, touristry sites, prosaic walk ways and bike roads which start from the suburbs to metropolis centre would be an interesting vision of substructures.Undertaking analysingUndertaking debutThe building, revival of Daugava riverbank and new modern urban one-fourth every bit good as its jobs in development has become a challenge and chief inquiry in several competitions and workshops hold by the City of Riga. One of those is the completion named â€Å"The prospective building on Mukusalas Street, Buru Street un Kilevina Ditch† occurred in 2006 to 2007. As the victor of this competition, the undertaking called â€Å"City of squares metropolis of towers† introduced a big country of new urban tissue on the left bank of Daugava river which is opposite with Old Riga centre and has the chief quality is the H2O elements and its of import function in the history. The undertaking belongs to the extension of protected UNESCO zone. The proposed maestro program includes the development of a system of squares, public infinites, mix-used edifice and flexibleness. Those squares and towers contribute in specifying their active surrounding and construction country. Furthermore, supplying feasible rules to guarantee an articulated brotherhood become more cardinal than the elements create it. The chief points of this undertaking is the systems of squares and tower which create the frame position of develop country of Riga metropolis. The new develop country is the theoretical account of long-run vison of the metropolis, make a new full map which portion the force per unit area of transit and dweller with the Old Riga centre, assisting in saving the civilization and heritage which is the most point attended in undertaking over the universe in by and large and in Europe peculiarly. In the article â€Å"Measuring urban heritage preservation: theory and structure† by Silvio Mendes Zancheti and Lucia Tone Ferreira Hidaka. They mentioned: â€Å"The sustainable preservation of urban heritage sites depends on the care of their present and past significances† . To make the end of sustainable

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Pemphigus Vulgaris Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder in which there is blistering of the skin. The prefix phemphix comes from the greek work meaning â€Å"bubble†. This disorder affects the epithelial and mucous membranes. Although unlikely, certain medications can cause this disorder. These medications include: blood pressure medications and chelating agents. This autoimmune disease is especially rare and is limited to older adults to the elderly. A way that you can test for it is by performing a Nikolsky test. This test involves rubbing the patient with a cotton swab and if the skin comes off easily, it is positive. To be completely sure about the diagnosis, a skin lesion biopsy can be performed. Symptoms will most likely start with blisters in the mouth or skin. Then these blisters can turn into skin â€Å"lesions†. Lesions are when blisters start to ooze, peel off easily, or drain. The highest likely areas that will be affected are: the mouth, head, back, or stomach. Treatment for Pemphigus Vulgaris may include many different routes. Depending on the severity of the disease, you may need to be hospitalized for treatment. Possible ways to treat this disease include : intravenous solutions that include fluids, electrolytes and proteins, IV feedings in cases where the blisters are predominately on the mouth, numbing agents for the mouth, and some antibiotics may be able to work for this disease. This disease can be deadly if you don’t seek treatment. Even if you do seek treatment, the side effects of these treatments can also be very harsh. Since treatment focuses on the symptoms, this disease is still chronic with treatment. Works Cited â€Å"Pemphigus Vulgaris: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. † National Library of Medicine – National Institutes of Health. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. . â€Å"Pemphigus Vulgaris: EMedicine Dermatology. † EMedicine – Medical Reference. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. .

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