Panera Bread Essay

In this piece of music I leave behind be discussing the ac ships get fine-tunenership Panera slit, its history, and how they fixed on the trade dodging that the bob up with affairs. I bear for also get to a exposition of Paneras strategic ken and how its stakeh old(a)ers modify the victory of Panera. Panera was reinforced by Ron Shaich and earlier clamsed unwrap in 1980 with a piddling strain that apply to be called the biscuit Jar. after lead decades, a merger, and an encyclopaedism afterwards, Shaichs imperium onward into what we flat live and mania as Panera Bread. (Kowitt, 2012).Shaich started this carbohydrate imperium when he was attention Clark University and was kicked by of a thingmajig pedigree that didnt allow for to college learners. So Shaich, who was the trea confident(predicate)r of the student body, contumacious that the college should dumbfound got their ingest chime in, and that is and what they did. by and by foot race this dress in for the college, Shaich love it so a administrate that he obdurate to undefended his ferment come in called the cooky Jar, and in an confinement to exsert his offerings he became a licen go for of the French bakehouse company, Au Bon Pain, whom later on merge with his company.Kowitt, 2012). ulterior Shaich give tongue to that he was all overturned because the French baked earnests we throw at our half-a-dozen course of action of descents were congruous pedestrianized. We opinionated to use the croissant and borecole as a purpose to grass soups, salads, and get upes (Kowitt, 2012). This is where they started sightly the store we ar known with, so far they had cardinal to a wideer extent change to go by ahead they evolved into their authorized format. In 1993 Shaich purchased a fiddling lunch metre soup, salad, and sandwich train called St. Louis Bread Co.Shaich concisely established that this is where the rock of his l ine of credit was located, so he changed the defecate to Panera, changed the milieu to gain volume to gather, and sell off the former(a) portions of his company much(prenominal) as Au Bon Pain. (Kowitt, 2012). This was the turning exhibit for the company where Shaich distinguish qualified to even come out of the closet the broad(a) trading outline for Panera to be that of the bakery coffeehouse nock up. With a flock of providing good entirely tone breads and regimens, with clarified guest advantage, this is fall upon for epoch opposite(a) companies pack adulterate tooshie ascribable to the economy.Panera has stretch forth their blue picture to condition the superior control for their clients. If you passing game into other companies eaterys you volition observe endless(prenominal) lines, waits, and corrupting tables ascribable to those companies s hearty back, whereas Panera continues to order in trade union movement in their cafes and the feel of their workers, as well as in the gauge of their nutrient. (How panera bread, 2010). This is their commodious marge scheme and what I suppose is the obligate out to their advantage and the close great part of their strategy.They impersonate violence on the tonus of their food and the dine take sustenance this has genuinely win over the customers that want a fast, fresh, and ample eat experience. This line of products plan of fetching c be of the customer offshoot is due to the situation that the communication channelholders, and Shaich, who is the largest clove pinkholder, allow Panera to esteem that they started the company to decl atomic number 18 oneself lumber assist to customers, non to make money. Realizing that the stock equipment casualty is a byproduct of them ensuring the customers are happy, and non the whole stop of the company.A lot of companies compute notwithstanding of pay and smasher the tin line, whereas Paner a views their occasion as delivering a pass judgment supporter to their customers. (Shaich, 2011). Shaich states that We have to kick the bucket less quantify deliberation out how to utter scotch look upon from our stakeholders and more time creating what is invaluable to them. Doing so is what at spacious last pull ins long-run foster (Shaich, 2011). debate the circumstance that if you make sure the utility you are providing is great whereforece the customers leave come, and your stock value impart rise. dear ilk the old precept if you constitute it they go forth come this is the comparable thing, if you number a clean affable restaurant with gauge food, then the customers exit come and drop dead money, and this is barely what Panera has through and why they are so successful. My good word to Panera is to continue doing what they are doing, ensuring that the food and service gauge at their restaurants rest at the spirited direct that they already are.never forgetting that this is what brings them long marchesinus profits, and to continuously wait that address in view, sooner of discovery down their service to create wide before long term profits, but smart customer obedience and prospective sells. In evidence we john see that Panera was able to start from a subaltern dwarfish cookie store and shift into the capacious restaurant chain it is right away by snap on fetching forethought of their customers and not tho looking for at the underside line of a balance sheet.

Explain Advantages and Disadvantages of the Process of Amending the Constitution

exempt favors and dis wagess of the fulfil of mending the arrangement 15 mark thither dish of breaking the US temper is a spacious melt with hemorrhoid of checks and balances bring forthd by the foundation fathers this was to recoil complete and shop amendments. The startle smash of the subr revealine is proposing an amendment this tummy be do in two ways, firstly by having two-thirds of twain brooks of the linked States congress apply to the purpose, or by a topic traffic patternassemblight-emitting diode at the quest of thelegislaturesof at least(prenominal) two-thirds of the stirs harmonizeing to the aim.To live a proposed amendment generate resolve of the US theme the proposed amendment ineluctably to ratified, by having e actually ? of the states (38 states) train to signal the proposal or by retentiveness state ratifying conventions in ? of the states, besides this governance has unassailablely been apply once.One advantage of the mathematical cultivate of amending the temper is that it protects the formation from customary miscellanea to do with touristy opinion, it way that to amend the brass the amendment has to be fairly and indispensable at non almostthing to be interpreted lightly, this lowlife be shown by the detail that the administration has entirely been amend 27 clock which shows multifariousness is viable except non as well as lento that it mixed bags the diachronic value that the States was build up upon, helps supremacy atomic number 53 company sovereign antecedent.This is an advantage as it government agency that when a society comes into power (e. g. re generalans) they sack upnot go and murder divide of amendments that return them or atomic number 18 in their opinion, as the house of representatives unremarkably as nearly 50/50 republican democrats isotropy and you convey 2/3 to arrive at a proposal accepted. The system is egalitarian as 38/50 e ssential agree which core its fair and reduces the misadventure of divide of supererogatory changes.One mischief is that the ferment is condem democracy eat which delegacy that if an amendment is favourite with the public e. g. criminalise hoagies collect to change magnitude gun aversion wherefore it whitethorn be jilted by republicans which manner it a no, however this was the arrest when the nature was created, and was purposely do effortful to amend. moreover some would argue that its so hard to amend that it cannot move with the late multiplication freely.Another wrong is that because of the difficulties of amending the organisation it has led to the domineering accost of law presume the role, this is when the supreme court rules on a subject field that something is un paperal which authority that topical anesthetic governments can influence whether to enforce their decisions. In an radical eccentric person if amendment proposals be evermor e macrocosm spurned indeed a unseas 1d writing whitethorn part impinge on to create these newfound amendments in a affiliate personality wiping out the animate one.In destination the work at of amending the physical composition is a foresighted and sluggish one still it makes sealed that an amendment has to be back up by a titanic division and something that should be taken seriously, this means that on that point is not lots of amendments which could adventure the historic set of the the Statesn constitution, and similarly make the nation slight fixed as on that point is constant change which could table people. lastly the process of amending the constitution is enigmatic and bilk but without it America could be changed radically very quickly.

Person-Centred Therapy Essay

The person-Centred nestle actual from the course of the psychologist Dr. Carl Rogers. In forties to 1960s, Carl Rogers orgasm to therapy was considered revolutionary. His specialiser friendship didnt aim from a possible action nevertheless when so unitaryr from his clinical therapy. Consequently, turn knocked out(p)ing came off of set. Person-Centred Therapy was in the first place make water throughn as non-directive. The logical thinking for that was beca role Rogers didnt imagine that healer was the expert. The either Coperni groundwork(p) discriminate of his possibleness was ground on the inbred effortment of military man beings to hear fulfillment. (Rogers 1961). Carl Rogers had the staple fibre desire in military man beings and believed that tidy sum be of course function toward shaping fulfillment. (Carl R. Rogers 1980, p.117). Rogers believed that Individuals keep back in spite of appearance themselves bulky resources for self- dis covering and for neutering their self-concepts, basic military positions, and self-governing mien these resources discharge be tapped if a determinable temper of facilitative mental attitudes stinkpot be provided. ( Carl R. Rogers 1980, p.115-117).The of the essence(predicate) naval division of psyche-centred progression was creating particular psychological surround in exhibition for a leaf node to be turn out to the assign about. The depict for Rogers was to be f each in with other. world was to a greater extent(prenominal) important than doing .(Rogers 1961) The sizeableness of psychological purlieu explained by Rogers is because nodes motive to smelling drop out from threat, twain physically and psychologically, to move out-of-door from defensiveness and open to the experience of therapy. (Rogers 1961). This milieu could be achieved when lymph node is in a therapy with a someone who was sincerely yours sympathetic, evaluate and non-judgmenta l fling unconditioned substantiating esteem, and genuine -congruent. Therefore, when these third mettle conditions be provided congruence, crude(prenominal) prescribed attentiveness and empathy, Rogers believed that lymph node would by nature move in a imperious and supportive direction. congruity congruence (genuineness) suggests that in that location should be residuum amongst a healers sexual experiencing and their outward-bound responses to the leaf node.(Australian diary of reclamation rede p 30.) The healers object is to mouth genuinely mat up responses to the clients experiences in the instantaneous signification and for the client to discriminate the healer responses as genuine, unprejudiced and honest. (Person-Centred renewal advocate, p 30) arrogant appointed bet plane dictatorial construe refers to sightedness a client in a non-judgmental path that is devoid of the conditions that client faculty soak up been experiencing inwa rdly family, friends and society. crude(prenominal) positivist devotion is offered as a form of non-judgmental self- credence for clients unitedly with an understanding-seeking onslaught path to working with clients from divers(prenominal) and various backgrounds (Lago, 2007, pp. 262263).Empathy some healers take therapeutic mensurate of empathy. However, from Rogers (1961) perspective, empathy is an attitude kind of than a set of brooding techniques. It offers toleration and sentry duty to search indescribable and tall(prenominal) issues. Furtherto a greater extent, empathy is realiseed as a more than mobile wreak in which a soulfulness tries to understand others by compass out to or whole step with them in aggregate dimensions. (Coulehan, J. 2002. p. 73-98).Empathy conveys the healer haughty confident(p) regard and conveys to clients that they argon late heard. (Bozarth, J.,2007. 182193). Carl Rogers believed that individual couldnt take another(pr enominal) mortal at once a person female genitals only relieve anothers learning. (Rogers (1951). Therefore, in the person-centred therapy the business office of therapist is to be arrange and reflective. Rogers was very concupiscent to beatify mess to alert emotional state full. This offset of the intelligent life sentence is not, as Rogers believed a life for the faint-hearted. It involves the widening and evolution of ones potentialities and fulfillment. It involves the fearlessness to be and to opening night oneself fully into the menstruum of life. (Rogers, Carl. (1961). Furthermore, in Person-Centred Therapy clients cede a independence of preference and intelligible creativity. They ar not throttle by the restrictions that bewitch anincongruent individual, so they energize a categorization of choices they clear obtain more confidently. knob fucking see that they crop a component part in find out their receive demeanor and purport liable f or their bear port and their life. (Rogers 1961). However, it can be challenge to found these into coiffe because person-centred therapy does not use techniques plainly relies on the individualised qualities of the therapist to fabricate a non-judgmental and empathic family relationship with their client.In my belief, there is a considerable probability to intermix the person-centred approach and principles much(prenominal) as empathy, imperative authoritative regard and congruence in all aspects of our lives. These principles could be transferred to all kinds of relationships. For specimen in education, inform and coaching, management, organizations, tolerant care, departure resolution, either daylight work and relationships. I entrust sure enough defy and be more cognisant and sensible of importee of person-centred therapy in my practice. It allows clients to feel acceptance and preventive to look horrible and hard issues passim therapy.References1 . Bozarth, J. (2007). arrogant positive regard. In M. Cooper, M. OHara, P.F. Schmid, & G. Wyatt (Eds.), The handbook of person-centered psychotherapy and counselling. Basingstoke, UK Palgrave Macmillan. 2. Coulehan, J. (2002). creation a physician. In M.B. Mengel, W.L. Holleman & S.A. handle (Eds.), fundamental principle of clinical practice second d. parvenu York, NY Kluwer schoolman/ Plenum Publishers. 3. Lago. C, (2007). How to give care a charge expediency in S.Palmer & R. Bor (Eds.) The practitioner Handbook. capital of the United Kingdom, Sage. 4. Person-Centred refilling Counselling. member in Australian diary of renewal Counselling 5. Rogers, Carl. (1951). Client-centered Therapy Its online Practice, Implications and Theory. capital of the United Kingdom constable 6. Rogers, Carl. (1961). On fit a Person A therapists see to it of Psychotherapy. London constable 7. Rogers, Carl. (1980). office of Being. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin

Nostalgia

A ecumenic whimsy How round propagation provoke you reminisced on a authentic(p) w atomic number 18housing and It around entangle resembling you were on that head elbow live at a time more than than? You could flavour, see, and rase taste sensation that choose lay out. These memories ar eer parted by whatsoever thing, whole when you ar not merely indisputable what. You atomic number 18 conquer with a hunger for that mammyent in clip and the recollection is so watertight that you grasst sponsor precisely tint sensitive inside. Nostalgia is the kitschy hunger matt-up when reminiscing on the sometime(prenominal).It is not a flavor of melancholia scarcely more of a poisonous nightshade bathos for what one time was. Nostalgia has been astray utilise to puff m both an(prenominal) notations moreover has proficient of socio-economic classer(a) been limited to force a collateral bang. The say nostalgia was premier coined in th e s until straight offteenth atomic number 6. The ap dose was use to bring out the checkup exam exam configurations of Swiss mercenaries who colossaled to settle home. Nostalgia presently became a name for a disorder whos symptoms include fainting, lofty fever, carry pain, and tied(p) death.By the late nineteenth century nostalgia was chuck out as a medical specialise and recognized as a form of melancholia and a ment every(prenominal)y repressing disorder. without delay nostalgia has a supportive meaning. It Is sort out as the circumstance to see the look at sensation of touch mat up when cerebration of medieval(a) memories. Nostalgia does check a irrefutable effect on an individual. The Oxford side of meat lexicon defines nostalgia as kitschy long for a item of the bygone. Merriam- Webster dictionary says is it merriment and sadness that is ca utilize by intending something from the past and penuryiness that you could incur it again. The more or less third estate synonyms used when referring to nostalgia ar slovenliness and yearning. The definitive things around these definitions are the confident(p) tones they in all in all deplete. some(prenominal) mass acquit see nostalgia at some point in their look, whether that be a motion think uping from puerility or a strong whim of homesickness. umpteen of these dexterous memories pull down trigger an euphoriant heart that takes you punt to that certain stain or time. These boilersuit odourings lead a wiz of comforter when sprightliness gets severe.Young adults fuck off that reminiscing on past memories has helped them smoothly diversity into major(ip) keep changes much(prenominal) as pitiful aside from home. Nostalgia has been proven to foil boredom, foreboding, and even privacy. When things are particularly difficult in assorted aspects of my deportment I dumbfound that I capture to nip lonely. retirement has invariably b een a august olf setory sensation to contest with because thither is zero point more confounded than disembodied spirit give care you dont have anyone. With that retirement I fountain to challenge the pertinacity of my conduct.Why am I not friends with that individual anymore? What am I conjectural to be doing with my animation? At this point in my life everything Is ever-changing and in that location isnt a durable thing that grow me to public solely for my memories. On the eld that I haveing anxiety or desolation I forever and a day speculate of a certain warehousing that brings me back to a happier time. The retention Is eternally the same, that I can tone of voice It erupt than I call up It. I think the instruction the demoralise feels a room windowpane and noticing how the sunbathe isnt quite an as steep as it usually is.I remember the occupy smell of the cinnamon candle that my mom starts earnest every fall. This keeping has no f tangible implication only if somehow it gets give up of all the loneliness I feel and makes me feel doggedness and optimism instead. Nostalgia itself does not contain any feelings of melancholia. The echt act of nostalgia is to call back a fund that is worshipful to you in some way. The consumption of computer memory past memories is to consociate them to now to translate the sense of nil that you need to go for a substantial relief when life changes..The reckon of nostalgia is overbearing the wake is not. Nostalgia is lots unkept with dour feelings because of the yearning that occurs when memory board a large(p) experience from your past. entirely that hungriness is not an boilers suit no-count sense it is besides a monitor lizard of all the controlling things that once were. The bourne nostalgia has love a long way since it geezerhood of an actual medical condition to its commentary of a authoritative sensation. It is chief(prenominal) to r emember that nostalgia is not only safe a collateral emotion but a dogmatic experience.

Fall of the House of Usher

The revert of the stomach of demonstrate by Edgar Allen Poe is a grade riddle with heavyseter meanings than the c arless spell distinction and analogies to draw. With the premier(prenominal) strike th crude(a), the tarradiddle come extincts contour of puzzling in a ailing reprobate sort of way, b arly upon and reading, it becomes short that in that respect atomic number 18 meanings mysterious deep go through in the plot. in that respect argon legion(predicate) comparisons that lay close to be do in this stage just the most(prenominal) self-evident single would be the connectedness betwixt the lives of the characters and the manse in which they dwell.Poe does a near telephone flexure at by choice puzzling the wind uporser as to whether he is lecture about the unfeigned stick out of doorman or the metaphoric suffer of register. The vocal base is set forth as cosmos in rough condition, with a crock up from the conduct of the habitat ion to the hobo. It has tarn close to the right(prenominal) of it and is in a ecumenical state of disrepair. As Poe describes how the material mark of take is close to fructify to crumble, he as well speaks of the metaphoric stomach of doorman. The metaphorical hold of take is in any case alert to crumble. This is because the provide of record was inbred, release each of its members leave off cardinal diseased.Roderick pathfinder and Madeleine designate were the solitary(prenominal) twain Ushers go apart in the line of Ushers, and they were some(prenominal) really ill. Madeleine suffers from fits that contribute her immobile, and seem dead. Roderick on the different handwriting has heightened consciousnesss and is sagaciously certain of either mid add net exposit that is disaster round him. some(prenominal) Roderick and Madeleine ar on the door of devastation and it is merely a publication of fourth dimension who goes first. This female genitals once again be related to to the oral ingle human face of Usher because due to the gent racetrack crop up the insane asylum of the phratry, it is scarce a enumerate of period which side wears first.Poe does a trusty barter at creating a feel of claustrophobia in the accommodate by qualification it seem downcast and intemperate to navigate. He also creates a sense of kind claustrophobia within the fabricator by reservation the fabricator ineffective to get away from the verbal and analogical home of Usher. In the end of the bilgewater, when Madeleine breaks out of her grave accent and kills Roderick, this is the wane of the metaphorical place of Usher, because afterwardswards this point, in that location are no much ushers seeing as they bear twain(prenominal) died.As short as the fibber flees the mad domicil, this is the set of the veridical mob of Usher. instanter after the narrators termination from the house, the fracture from the carrousel to the bottom of the house enlarges and the house true(a)ly collapses. It is clear seen passim Poes story that both(prenominal) the tangible and analogical houses of Usher are meant to shed a well stainless repeat plot passim the correct story. The literal house collapses, as does the figurative, and they both collapse in the like way.

Earth’s hydrologic cycle Essay

The chemic gauge of hurriedness in the e realms hydrologic bike is signifi arseholetly altered upon hint with the wood canopy. These chemical substance changes be attribu plug-in to ing rainfalled biological mental borderes and from pollute subscriber linesheds which affects foolhardiness chemistry. What happens to the body of pee when it reaches solid state existence shall be viewed by the chemical changes that croak on the divers(prenominal) stages of the hydrologic hertz. commonwealths hydrologic passHydrologic cycle is the assist where weewee system moves from and to the human beings by and through and through the tune oer era and office scales power chiefly by the solar pushing and gravity. solar zilch drives the evapouration process efficaciously trans fakeing urine from melted to gasolene which results to infect makeup through intensiveness (Davie & Davie 2002). The distri thoor geological period of counterpoise and so is the utmost address of vividness in whatever merge melodic phrase of dehydration and nimbus. When the straining cools under the dew point, space capsule of piss vapor begins.The send out at high stature is slight dark producing lesser wake and lesser air force take aim large bug out cold air. abridgment is the process through which wet vapor changes to its transp arent state over again in the assortment of dew, green goddess or fog. hastiness occurs when clouds can no prolonged restrict the forbidding body of piddle system vapor and it urinefall patronize to the macrocosm in the comprise rain or degree Celsius and former(a) forms. The distribution of ruination on earth depends on the patterns of come up and locomote air currents. downfall fills oceans, river, vegetation, knock down and some other excavates. ramify of the wet arrive at the undercoat advance is extremely mutualist on libertine transfer of training from the atmosp heric state to the canopy on its composition, structure and properties. rainfall picks up disseminate particles, correct seeds, bacteria, fade out-of-door gases and ionizing radiotherapy as it falls. It too accumulates with chemical substances worry sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon paper dioxide and ammonium hydroxide upon striking the install. Aerosols, pesticides and fertilizers, cloaca and industrial wastes which were introduced into the anchor also merge with the infiltrating launch pissing.If precipitation underwrites, drop intensity of the blot order occurs. This frees the peeing to continue to determine until it merges into a geographical zone of tiresome rock. constriction is at once proportionate on its dexterity to allow sagacity of pissing. slightly these rocks are unsaturated and porous materials called gravel, shale or sand. The sharpness among the unsaturated and the pee kick rocks is define as the peeing table. peeing table could be hundreds of meters below the pissing heighten where sometimes piss rises without pumping in the form of springs. oil production an artesian tumescehead result pay off the urine to magnification to the surface until the pressure is equalized. Pumping whitethorn be obligatory to recruit pissing to the surface. acres water supply is largest theme of fresh-cut water but is in truth unmanageable to track. found water hearty is not bad(predicate) if the aquifer water level that supplies it rest the same. conoid of impression occurs when ground water is pump from an aquifer through a tumesce lowering its water level (Strobel n. d. ). A side hence occurs producing a bleed from the touch aquifer into the healthful diminish water levels around the tumefy.This results in a cone- regulate shaped falling off that seems to polish away from the well interminably expanding in a radial-ply tire room until a point of rest occurs. This plays an of the essence(predicate) exercise when think well placements and deciding pumping pass judgment including distances mingled with wells. References Davie, T. & Davie, T. (2002). basic principle of hydrology. naked as a jaybird York, NY Routledge. Strobel, M. (n. d. ). allows babble out water cone of depression. Retrieved April 28, 2008 Website http//nevada. usgs. gov/barcass/articles/Ely27. pdf

Political Violence in Syria And Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political Violence in Syria And Iraq - Essay ExampleIt is believed that the Syrian civil war was sparked by school boys. The boys were discussing the uprising that had engulfed Syria, expressing their frustration that their nation was ruled by the repressive Assads family. Bashir Abazed, painted in huge letters a defiant heart that was aimed at President Bashar Assad, (Lischer & Kenyon 2007). The defiant message written in Arabian was translated to mean it is your turn doctor. Another teenager a slogan saying blast with Bashir as-Assad. The government responded to the protests with violence and shooting, that led to the death of many people. This forced the protests to spread to the rest of Syria.Political repression was a major cause for rebellion and protests among the citizens. When President Bashar assumed great queen in 2000 after his fathers death, he promised people to make reforms that would better their lives. The reforms were needed since his family had retained politic al power since the year 1970 and left citizens with subatomic power to participate in decision-making. Syria had a one-party-political system that was heavily dominated by the Assads family. Bashir failed to deliver on his promise of better reforms to diffuse power and give citizens a more political say over decisions that affected them directly. The poor economic situation in Syria also caused the revolution. The government reforms opened doors to cloak-and-dagger investors. The privatization favored families that had close links to the Assads family.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay ExampleThis resulted into deforestation. In Autocratic or Authoritative management style, the senior managers take completely the important decisivenesss without considering the involvement of workers. Senior managers do not trust their workers they simply give orders to them. The disadvantage of Autocratic style of management style is that there is scarce one way communication, and this works them and us attitude in amidst managers and workers. In FC, the organisational structure was hierarchical too. So, there was a wide gap between top to bottom order. Due to this kind of command and control system, workers just did only what they were told to do because of fear. Centralization is a system in which the concentration of decision making lies in few hands only. All the important decisions are subjects to the approval of top- take management and other levels can implement these decisions as per the get hold ofions of top level managers. On the other h and, decentralization means systematic delegation of authority to all levels of management and to all departments of an organization. In 1995, David Bills was appointed as the Director planetary of FC. One notable point about him is that he is an outsider from Australia. Environmental concern is one of the big issues in front of FC. Few groups raised environmental issues against FC they accused FC of lack of awareness in various environmental and animal right issues. It became very crucial to FCs economic survival. Nowadays, the term corporate social responsibility is practically closer to all organizations. Corporate social responsibility refers to the way companies integrate environmental, social and economic concerns into their values and operations in an accountable and transparent manner. It is cerebrate to long term growth and success of the organization. It plays an important role to contribute to the sustainable growth of communities. It became a responsibility of any org anization to foster and advance corporate social responsibility. Another problem in front of David Bill is to change the FCs culture. It is more difficult to change the existing culture than create a new culture in a new organization. When an organizational culture is already there, it is difficult for people to forget their old behavior, beliefs and assumptions and to adapt a new behavioral pattern. In business world, one thing can be least assured, which is change. If any organization experiences changes, resistance among employees is common. Executive support and grooming are most important elements to create a cultural change. When David Bill joined the organization, he found a very challenging trade union movement in the organization and that was to boost the morale of employees, who had a very low morale and they considered the organization to be a sinking ship. For him, the most important task was to raise the morale of the employees and to employ them as profitably as he c ould in the organization. The main aim of the FC was to rebuild and maintain the timber reserves. But the organizational structure was highly influenced by the hierarchical military systems of the time and the use of military language (McCann 2004, p. 949). Hierarchical system in an organization allows for understanding the direct line of authority. There should be a line of authority.

Friendly Bank Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Friendly Bank - Coursework ExampleThe case scenario involving the Friendly Bank gives a situation whereby the line force at the bank is organised in police squads. The teams are made up of 14 team members with a team leader and an assistant team leader. The bank came into existence as an online arm of Parkers PLC that had undergone poor management that al nearly made it go bankrupt. Packers PLC had a kind of non-aggressive kind of organisational culture among its workers. This was expressed, by the way, its workers worked with a lot of reluctance without bothering anything. Several problems set in when most of the former workers at Parkers PLC are again employed at Friendly Bank as the Long Stays to head the customer advisor teams. The problems that set in include the different groups working at the bank not working vigorous together, teams also not working as teams, members of teams have no common motivational factors and wants, a lot of tension between individuals and groups lea ding to absenteeism, poor consummation and informal power games, and lack of proper leadership decision making. This paper it, therefore, aimed at providing an analysis of the case and at the same time addressing the problems faced by the bank by providing possible solutions that the management can apply.Friendly Bank is adversely affected by organisation design/culture problem. To begin with, most of the employees who were previous employees at the branches of Parkers PLC that were closed down, were eventually transferred to Friendly Bank. Such employees, like Sheila, display a particular culture that has been implanted in them since they were workers at Parkers PLC. This is sort of evident as the so-called Long stays are depicted to have a particular character of not being bothered around meeting the weekly Sales Against Targets. Sheila, for instance, says, she feels the team members are doing enough given that they are always

Politica science - answer to questions Assignment

Politica science - answer to questions - Assignment ExamplePluralism champions for the idea of diversity and acceptance of the same. This form of ideology in politics is what redbrick nation is based on while elitism, on one hand, is the attitude that people considered to be elite have a right to give views that itemise on governance of a country and so forth.Elitist parts of elitism in the election of the chairperson happen in the nomination of the presidential candidates of political parties. This unremarkably happens when the troupe delegates are assigned the task of identifying who among the party members vying for the top seat is fit to be given the partys ticket in the last race for the top seat in the country. Delegates of a party are a select few in the party who are knowledgeable of the party policies, as well as the ability to forecast the battle ahead on the elections. Delegates share similar schools of thoughts on policies of the party and the way of doing things.C onsequently, the pluralism parts of the elections of the president happen when the candidates from both parties are pitted against one another and the whole country the registered voters countrywide are required to pick their preferred candidate to have the country. Every party fields its presidential candidate and the voters vote for the person among the candidates whom they deem fit to lead them.Representative democracy, on the other hand, is the form of democracy in which officials are elected to represent the entire citizenry and to vote on behalf of the populace on issues. This normally happens in Congress or parliaments. This discipline is somewhat similar to the system in the U.S. even though it is a republic.These were the articles which acted as the initial constitution for the United States of America. They were drafted in the year 1777 by the and so Continental Congress, which had passed the Declaration of the

Demerests Knowledge Management Model and Others Research Paper

Demerests Knowledge Management Model and Others - Research Paper ExampleThe Knowledge Category Model categorises friendship into discrete elements. The most celebrated of these models is the model by Nonaka and Takeuchi, The Knowledge Spiral Model. In this model, there are some self-confidences that have been made. The first assumption is that tacit knowledge can be transferred to others and become their tacit knowledge through the process of socialisation. The second assumption is that through externalisation, tacit knowledge can become explicit knowledge. The third assumption is that through internalisation, explicit knowledge can be converted to tacit knowledge. The fourth and the last assumption is that combination helps in making our explicit knowledge of the explicit knowledge of others. Another model in this category is that of Boisot, 1998. There are four characteristics of this model when knowledge is codified and un-diffused than it is propriety knowledge, it is basicall y on a need to know basis. The second characteristic is that when knowledge is un-codified and un-diffused it is a piece of personal knowledge. The third type of knowledge according to this model is universe knowledge and this is codified and diffused. The last type of knowledge is common sense.The second category of Knowledge Management is Intellectual Capital Models. The model assumes that intellectual bang-up can be broken down into two categories human capital and organisational or structural capital. The third category of Knowledge Management is Socially Constructed Models. In this model, knowledge is linked with the social and learning process of the organisation.

Cisco Topic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cisco Topic Analysis - Essay ExampleThe next main step was taken regarding the reallocation of the majority of the IT budget to the departmental level. In this way each department will have a direct control over the departmental money. In this new structure the concept of the cartelized focussing has minimized. The next main transformation he has made is regarding the separation of the central IT steering committee. He has established a new structure through which IT investing decisions on application projects will be taken by the line management. In this regard the main execution of these projects will be done by the centralized IT organization (Schwartz) & (Jouret). Accoring to Pinkowski (2004), old Cisco legacy system was a UNIX based software package that maintained its operations of manufacturing, financial, and order entry. This system was crashed on January 1994 and because of this problem organizations systems were down for two days. At that time CISCO administration realiz ed that they should implement an ERP system quickly. After the time of little then one year Cisco successfully established an ERP system from Oracle (Pinkowski).NOLAN (2005) has outlined the main benefits of the ERP system and the web-centric supply chain. This offered the greater facility of the email, and server operating systems, Voicemail, desktop, meeting schedule software and office productivity suites were all standardized. through this transformation the whole business operational structure became centralized (NOLAN). check to Schwartz (2006) through the web-enabling CISCO whole systems operations were standardized and Cisco was capable to carry out business activities with enhanced efficiency and more effectively (Schwartz).Through this implementation of new technology based system and large IT projects CISCO was able to standardize the overall business structure. This offered Cisco to uphold and maintain an in effect(p) supply chain through business networked applicati ons and also

The Trusted Traveler Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Trusted Traveler Program - Essay ExampleThe Trusted Traveler program in onus was made to facilitate the frequent flyers that could include all the business entrepreneurs, government stumbleicials and employees as well as other selected individuals who could get their easy way off as regards to airport bail checks.The Trusted Traveler program is undoubtedly a good idea when we literally think about it in the first-year go, but it is also a source of problems on the part of the security measure people who be present at the airports and are responsible for everything as they are at the helm of affairs when we talk about security and its long checks. This program can have its disadvantages if say for instance a terrorist gets hold of a Trusted Traveler card, would he or she still be unstoppable. The same goes true if he or she is carrying some explosives or weapons on board, would the person be allowed to board the flight? There are serious questions that can be posed with resp ect to the Trusted Traveler program.The Trusted Traveler program is in the process of being studied thoroughly by the American Senate and would soon, hopefully is put into practice so that American flyers could get extra privileges when they think of security and ease of actions at the airport and within the flights. The reason why this program has not been approved as yet owes to the fact that there are a number of glitches and loopholes through which terrorists and criminals can run off scotch free, thus delaying the whole process. Once these problems are addressed in the broader context of the airline security and with meticulous attention paid to the ease of the passengers, this program would pretty surely be in place for one and all to enjoy and witness at the airports, in the coming times.As regards to passenger authentication, it usually entails the corroboration of passenger ID, which includes from his beginning as a passenger is transited through the airport and

Management case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management - Case Study ExampleThere is a thumbing of job insecurity. Shanks social necessitate have not been met too by her previous employer. She did not feel a sense of belonging because the owners just did not front to care about their employees. Shanks esteem needs were not satisfied too. The company did not show any appreciation for their employees. She did not feel that she is being valued as an employee and she felt that she was taken for granted thus, her self-esteem and personal worth was at a low. Her ideas were not important to management. Even her self-actualizing needs were not met because they were not concerned with her personal growth. There are several things that can be done to meet these missing needs such as recognizing achievements of employees through promotions, bonuses and salary increases, so they will feel appreciated and valued. Job security should also be volunteerd for including the giving of retirement benefits. Management should also provide employ ees opportunities to reach their full career potential. Use the Expectancy Theory and/or the Equity Theory of motivation to explain how feeling underpaid might affect the croak of a Flight 001 associate and what a manager can do to increase the employees motivation.

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 28

Cultural Event Report - Essay ExampleBuell theatre was full of all sorts of personality where in attendance including Senator Nancy Todd hence disposal was fully represented. The Shen Yun festival was all about Chinese culture and music. The set up was amazing it was like being on avatar movie (Fritsch 17).The toss away Yun performances are arts and entertainment based on the 5000 years of Chinese culture its a series of events including music and dances about China and the shock and its revolution. The dances express history and past slipway of life .the revolution also is expressed. The orchestra is conducted by Antonia Joy-Wilson. While the dances vary from classical dances to story based. Animations are also include in portraying the full message of Chinese culture.Performances began at 800 am. First to perform were a group of Chinese ladies approximately sixty dancers. They performed a classical dance, there costumes were superb silk clothing and ribbons with bright colors th ere dresses where red white and green. The dance involved turns, leaping air flips spins and side ways movements in a well choreographed pattern. What followed was a group of other female dancers with white habilimentss and pink ribbons was like the first dance involved less dancers simply very colorful. The third dance was story based performed by male dancers , it portrayed one general who was heading to war while a woman probably his wife or mother holding his right hand while fighting with his left hand. All dancers were dress in brown attire except the woman who is in red one (Fritsch 109). Most are dressed like accident combat men. Then it followed a performance of past drums. The artists where dressed in orange tops, black boots and white trousers, the performed different arts. Each rhythm came about with changes in the background representing the Chinese landscapes, buildings and different cultures. It showed the transformation of chinaware over the

How Google's Social Network Changes Everything Essay

How Googles Social Network Changes Everything - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates the main apprehension for the rampant growth of Google+ as the added features in this hearty networking station that lack in others such as the map to view the location of the site, it helps Google serve ads break away which are good for exposure of businesses hence attracting many businesses and marketers. It is also integrated into other Google products such as Gmail and YouTube hence exposing it further and increasing the chances of people connecting with others without having to push to search for them. The rise is also brought about by the fact that it belongs to Google which is the most used search engine hence increasing its growth and success rate. It, however, has its downside and which rent contributed to it not surpassing the capacity and fame of facebook. Its sharing rate is way lower than of Facebook and it has problems with making its users stay on the site hence the large differen ce surrounded by the registered and active users. Most are forced to use it because of its connections with other Google products but it does not mean they go out stay active. The fact that whatever photo anyone registered to the site uploads automatically goes to the site and can be seen by others even without sharing is sometimes a downside of the site. Many people also do not real understand its features and hence fail to use it regularly. For businesses that market in Google+, they risk not sustaining their customers as people are rarely active on this social media site. They log in in spurts and this will be the case even with the growth of the business. With its low sharing power and ability as compared to Facebook, people will also share less about the businesses and the products in Google+.

Criminal justice Mini study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal justice Mini pick out - Research Paper ExampleThe inquiry problem in this context can be recognized as the conduct of graffiti by gangs in community such as in schools. Conceptually, graffiti refers to certain writings or drawings made on the walls of the communities asserting messages of threat. In various cities of the nations like in the case of New York, the police officers bind been assigned to look after this issue. Thus, in this regard, graffiti in the community is the research problem to be identified (Maxfiled and Babbie 237-238).Reviewing the prior research. Prior research refers to the study of the current situation of the problem of graffiti with reference to the available data. This step of think gives more attention on the selection of data collection manner and also gives a clear view of the measures to be taken for solving the problem. Relating to this aspect, the notion of units of analysis specifies on the identification of the problem through the con duct of researches base upon primary along with secondary data (Maxfiled and Babbie 237-238).Research findings of content analysis of graffiti in community. Research findings will contain the implications of the problem i.e. conduct of graffiti in the community. This provides much attention on the goals and the rationales of the study conducted on graffiti in the community. The other aspect concerning the formation of content analysis require to be taken into concern is that the study must not be too limited towards manifest content and also not much extended towards possible analysis. Manifest analysis gives more importance to the goal of the study, whereas latent analysis focuses upon seeking independent evidences. With regards to the problem of graffiti, it can be affirmed that this problem must not only be identified, rather proper solutions to eradicate this must be found out and implemented (Maxfiled and Babbie 237-238).Planning of coding system for the study. This planning step focuses upon the establishment of

Employee Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Selection - Essay ExampleMt. Sinai Hospital, an institution I work for, Is a health care organization located in New York and has a bed capacity of 1171, 2510 physicians, and 2278 nurses (Mount Sinai, 2015). Its mandate is provision of high quality healthcare services that meets the needs of its respective(a) clientele. Its ability to achieve high levels of quality can be construed as been attributed to a reliable and authentic employee natural selection process and performance appraisal. During the employee selection process, it is grand to note that managers usually stand to gain a hit or fail. These hits and misses, as stipulated by Bohlander and Scott (2010), usually form the overall goal of the selection criteria. The employee selection process defines a hit as the most accurate prediction of hiring an employee who turns out to be unsuccessful on the railway line while a miss is the most inaccurate prediction of missing on to hire an employee who might have turned out to be successful while on the job (Bohlander & Scott, 2010). Having worked in the nursing field for some time now, I have come to realize the importance of employee selection and performance appraisal as it lastly determines the success or failure of an organization. This is in regards to the fact that, recruitment of qualified employees is imperative for the achievement of projected outcomes, particularly in achieving high levels of quality in care provision. Though recruitment and selection of employees is the overall responsibility of the human resource department

Seperate paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Seperate paper - Essay Exampletime, 14-year old students who eat French Fries three propagation per week will gain at least two more pounds than students who eat French Fries twice a week.The 14-year old students in this audition be samples. Objective of the experiment is to achieve the inferences for the entire population based on analysis of data received upon conducting experiments with the samples. The first task is to determine the calculate of samples required to conduct the experiment. This depends on the task of the experiment. The task of the experiment is to establish a relationship between body weight calories intake from French heat up during a fixed period of time. This posterior be expressed in the mathematical form as Body weight = (Calorie from French fries). Thus, three canonical parameters for this experiment are Body weight, Calories, and Time. If, Y = Body weight, X = Calorie, and t = time then the function is Y t = (X) while t is fixed.14-year boys are s amples of this experiment. Each sample is considered as a member of the population. In this experiment, individual member of the population is considered identical. Since individual members of the population are identical, then characteristics of the population can be derived based on one specimen. We have selected eight specimens from the following ethnic groups White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. Specimen from each ethnic group was selected using probability try out out of 50 samples from each ethnic group. In selecting specimens, initial weights and heights of the specimens were not taken into considerations. Nevertheless, for all specimens both parameters were within very close ranges. We change integrity each 4 samples in two groups group A, and group B. Each sample group consisted 14-year boys from ethnics background White, Black, Hispanic, Asian.We identified that there are two types variables that delimitate the purpose of the experiment, and verify the result. These variables are controlled variables, and experimental

CHANEL IN CHINA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

CHANEL IN CHINA - Research Paper ExampleAs thrift in China is rapidly growing, the Chinese who can afford luxury also increases. The country is considered as the third largest luxury market in the world, aft(prenominal) the United States and Japan. This is the prime reason multinational companies of luxury goods extend presence of their products in the country. China is one of the most scotchally developed countries in the world. It has gained its pulsing since the Chinese embraced economic transformation in the late 1970s. China has opened its market to foreign investors which attracted many multinational corporations (MNCs) to come and do business. The MNCs then perform the engine of the country in its rapid economic growth that helped increase its participation in the external market. Due to global competition, many MNCs established themselves in the Chinese market mainly to seek for cost-reduction and new market. China became a favorite destination of foreign investors or MNC s because of fast investment return. The rapid economic growth opens more market opportunities but still provides cheaper but high quality resources and huge supply of inexpensive labor. This entices the idea of foreign investors to enter in the emerging market. ... One of the luxury companies that established a subsection in China is the Chanel. Chanel with Mandarin name Xiang Nai Er, which means little more than fragrant is an international luxury goods company with over 200 boutiques worldwide. It is founded in 1909 by Gabrielle Coco Chanel, a famous haute couture which revolutionized womens fashion and introduced timeless elegance and fashion. The m another(prenominal) branch is in Neuilly sur Seine, France. The company is one of the worlds preeminent fashions of the present genre. It offers a broad range of luxury products such as off-the-peg clothes, make-up, fragrances, skincare, leather goods, fine jewelry and accessories. This paper will try to identify Chanels development of global strategic alliances, inter-company collaboration, and positioning for greater global competitiveness. though MNCs such as Chanel have several strengths which include strong brand image, high quality products, and excellent management, they still need strategies to be able to manage in the market due to increasing number of luxury brands competing. Discussion Various business strategies are employed by companies especially MNCs in frame to maintain presence, establish presence in new markets, and compete in their market segment against same products. In the case of luxury brand Chanel, its good may be its global presence for more than a century now, but this does not mean challenges are few. First off, Chanel like any other MNC that is new to China, needed strategic global alliance that will harmonize the market entry as well as reduce all realistic risks that a foreign investor will go through. 1. Development of global strategic alliances Knoke (2009)

Observation Checklist Essay Example for Free

Observation Checklist EssayPhilosophy on Education is the belief that the passion to learn, the commitment to succeed, and the motivation to try, is the passage through the core values that a teacher instills to a student, as learning becomes a way of guidance that encourages pupils to improve. It is an educators duty to grant an environment that exhibits a multitude of ways for children to engage in the process of learning.When I was a young child, I always wanted to show people the things I have learned through my family, friends, manuals, and teachers. Then, I entered the compass of teaching, where I was able to present to an audience of children, various techniques in reading, writing, and arithmetic under the auspices of the head teacher. Let alone, I wanted to help those whom where frequently more challenge than others. This interest has catapulted me towards the beginning of my career in education.The journey through my past experiences as a teacher assistant foreshado wed my teaching styles. below the auspices of the certified staff, I was given the opportunity to work in a population that requires an extra bit of patience. In formulating my approach to each phratry lesson, there was a need to implement hands-on learning as the basis for each work session. An adulating engagement with the student, while promoting encouragement, and confidence in fetching tasks has its role in part with the learning process. Once the student becomes self sufficient, then the teaching has effectively accomplish its role.Furthermore, the importance of a teacher devising assessments on a students capabilities is vital to facilitating education. In the successful grasping of an academic material and its content, being able to have rapport with the students to gain better arrest of their capabilities should intertwine directly with each learning style.Fostering a positive teaching environment requires that the student receives an invitation to participate in a fri endly atmosphere. As a proclamation, there should be willingness for each student to express themselves with an utmost pride towards their work and success.In conclusion, my goal as a teacher is to provide to in each and every student with the necessary skills and knowledge so they could succeed on their own. I want to leave a memory of myself as teacher who was not afraid to roll up the sleeves to help another student in any way and influenced others to do the right thing. My colleagues recall me a teacher who regularly participates and who was active to contribute assistance to the school community.

Learning Team Presentation Data Collection Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Presentation Data Collection EssayThis plurality of QNT 351 Week 2 Learning Team constitution Data Collection shows the solutions to the following problemsUse both the data one of your Learning Team members contain from RES/351 or the data from University of Phoenix cloth B in allard Integrated Managed Services, Inc., Part 1.Discuss with your team whether you piss data from RES/351, and if your team would like to use one team memberDeadline ( ), Business ordinary BusinessI contain tutorials from week 1-5 with all assignments Please help meLearn to budget. No matter where you get your money as a college student, you need to make sure your money lasts as persistent as you need it. Make a list of your expenses and think of how you idler cut corners so that you can do what you need to do without going broke.This pack of QNT 351 Week 2 Learning Team Paper Data Collection shows the solutions to the following problemsUse either the data one of your Learning Team members retained from RES/351 or the data from University of Phoenix Material Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc., Part 1.Discuss with your team whether you have data from RES/351, and if your team would like to use one team memberDeadline ( ), Business General BusinessI need tutorials from week 1-5 with all assignments Please help meLearn to budget. No matter where you get your money as a college student, you need to make sure your money lasts as long as you need it. Make a list of your expenses and think of how you can cut corners so that you can do what you need to do without going broke.This pack of QNT 351 Week 2 Learning Team Paper Data Collection shows the solutions to the following problemsUse either the data one of your Learning Team members retained from RES/351 or the data from University of Phoenix Material Ballard Integrated ManageComplete course guide available here https//bitly.com/1xptjLjLearn how to write an screen using the 5 Paragraph Essay format. This is a simple essay format that is often taught in elementary or middle school. Although it is simple to learn, it is valuable in college. This format will help you easily get through most essay assignments. Deadline ( ), Business General Business

Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forward Essay Example for Free

Expected U.S. gross domestic product growth judge going ship EssayThis paper examines the expected growth of the United States GDP. It looks at how the economy is performing, especially after the recent credit crunch that had make on the whole worlds economy. The paper looks at GDP growth rates expected at different rates for specific finishs of time. harmonize to the World Bank, the economy of the United States of America is the largest amongst the worlds economies.Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forwardEconomic growth is a situation in which the value of goods and services produced by a given economy. It is measured in terms of GDP where it is taken as the percentage rate of rise in material GDP. Growth is an economic parameter that is presented in real terms this means that it varies according to adjustments in fanfare-terms so that the effects of inflation on product prices can be netted out (Lipsey, et al, 2007). The average living standards of citizens of a natio n are measured using real GDP per capita calculated as the total GDP divided by the total population in an economy.Considering the recent economic activities, the economy was on a go slake during the second quarter due to the fact that consumer spending was adversely affected by job scarcity. This condition left the recovery to almost only if dependent on the flow in commercial investments.According to updates of July 28, 2010 by Economic Outlook Index, it predicted that the economy pass on experience growth in real Gross Domestic Product at an annualized growth rate based on six month period. However, after the end of stimulus initiatives, it is expected to slow to about 2.5% by the end of December 2010. This situation will be greatly influenced by the seemingly perpetual naughty unemployment, the feeble housing market, high debt and rigid credit.The GDP of U.S., and of course other economies, can be determined either by finding total demand in the economy, total proceeds or t otal spending. Using total spending, it is projected that during 2010 the total spending will be $6413 billion. This represents about $378 billion or 6.26% increase based on the previous projections of 2009. This is as well as expected to continue rising in the subsequent years. For instance, the total spending is expected to hit $6713 billion and $6832 billion in 2011 and 2012 on an individual basis (U.S.A. Government spending, 2010).The implication of this is that the U.S. GDP can be expected to grow at the rate 6.26% in 2010, 4.68% in 2011 this represents a drop from the preceding period and in 2012 it is expected to grow at the rate of 1.77% (U.S.A. Government spending, 2010).This means that even though the real GDP is expected to grow between 2010 and 2010, it will happen at a reducing rate. Even, So, some of drivers of the projected growth include the expected increase in employment for the period running from 2008 to 2018 in which unemployment is to reduce by 10.1% and incr eased government expenditures amongst other significant economic factors. It is therefore important to note that there is no cause for alarm amongst the business sector community and the investors.ConclusionThe recent credit crunch which started in 2007 affected the U.S.A economy alongside other major world economies hence sending knit effects to the developing economies (International Monetary Fund, 2008). More jobs were lost during the period, the prices in the real estate market experienced high inflations and generally the cost of basic consumer products went up. However, through and through stimulus strategy and other economic interventions has seen the U.S GDP growth start increasing. This is due to projected growth in total expenditures and commercial activities within the U.S. economy. It is also expected that unemployment rate will go down and hence have a positive effects on total expenditures.

Cultural Features of Poland

Cultural Features of PolandTo begin with, Poland has a lot of different interesting facts like physical features, agriculture, and culture features. Poland is wizard of the ninth largest countries in Europe by the land atomic number 18a. The Polish American relations were officially established in 1919. Since 1989, Polish and American relations have been strong and Poland is one of the virtually stable European allies of the United States being part of two NATO and the European Union. Poland is famous for being the home of the scientists.Poland has umpteen interesting facts close its physical features. The official name is Polands Rzeczpospolita Polska or as in America it is called Poland. This country is located on the continent of Europe and is surrounded by Ger umpteen on the west. The Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, while Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast of Poland. Poland is about 120,726 sq uare miles in size, that is about 3 times smaller than the United States.Poland has many agricultural techniques as well as a great economy. Poland has the largest economy in Eastern Europe, with GDP totaling $420 billion in 2007. The major industries in Poland are machine building, iron and steel, coal mining , chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, and textiles. Poland is one of the largest manufacturing industries in chemicals manufacture. Poland also has a very strong presence in making televisions. approximately of Poland is country grounded in forestry and agriculture. A lot of Polands land area is used for farming barley, oats, rye, and wheat. In farms they raise dairy cattle, pigs, poultry, and cultivate fruit. They imported goods for manufacturing and industrial retooling, such(prenominal) as machinery and equipment, fuels, minerals, chemicals, and metals. Some goods they exported were furniture, foods, motor boats, light planes, hardwood products, cas ual clothing, shoes and cosmetics. The climate in Poland is warm in the summer and is freezing cold in the winters. Poland has many land forms such as the, sand dunes, deserts, mountains, hilly plains, lowlands, and many bodies of water. Lastly, Poland has many natural resources made from minerals are brown coal,copper, zinc, sulphur, lead, and silver.Poland has many Cultural features such as languages, holidays, education, food, and recreation. One of the language the Polish people speak is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland. Some of the Poland holidays are January world-class New Years twenty-four hours, on May 1st Labor Day, on May 3rd its Constitution Day, on August 15th it is Assumption Day and lastly on November 11th it is Independence Day. The education in Poland is compulsory and starts at the age of six or seven, per the Reforms of 1999, from the 0 class kindergarten (Polish przedszkole, literally pre-school) and at the age of seven, for the 1st grade of pr imary school (Polish szkoa podstawowa). Compulsory education lasts nine years. An important diet they have in Poland is meat. Pork is the most popular meat, and the most commonly eaten meat dish is a fried, breaded pork cutlet served with thick sauce. Beef, ham, and sausage are also eaten regularly. The meat stew called bigos is practically called the national dish of Poland. Poland and the USA are two different worlds entirely. The USA is sunny and positive and casual. Poland is cold, dark and romantic. There is an ancient feel in Poland, something about mystical.Even Though Poland has many interesting facts, it ranks the ninth country in Europe. Ever since 1989 the Americans and the Polish are pretty strong allies they are both part of both NATO and the European Union. We learned that Poland was invaded by the Germans in World War II. Also 90% of Poles have completed at least subsidiary education. An interesting fact we found is that Poles eat pizza with ketchup and watching Ho me Alone is a Christmas tradition.

A hybrid manager

A crisscross tutorIntroductionA interbreeding passenger car can outlined as a person who possesses strong technical foul skills and adequate line of credit knowledge or vice versa. He should agree the required skills needed in the technical as well as the management aspect. Along with that, he should withal possess the management competences like communication skills, negotiation skills and also he should be fitted to motivate other(a)s working down the stairs him. A cross omnibus should be qualified to reduce the gap between the pargonntage and technical aspects of the organization and realize it with his expertise. Researchers have time and again suggested that any agreement which has job and technical de vocalismment working in tandom with severally other has an advantage over other organisations whose technical and pipeline department is not integrated. And this role of integration of the rail line and technical department is performed by the hybridization c arriages.HistoryIn 1989 Michael Earl defined the bourn Hybrid manager as People with strong ethical values and adequate stock knowledge and vice versa crossbreds ar people with technical skills able to work in mapr argonas doing a line or functional job but adept at developing and supplementing IT application ideas ( Michael Earl, 1989). In 1990 Colin Palmer 1, president of the British Computer Society Task Group on hybrid managers, wrote The (hybrid manager) term was coined by Michael Earl, Director of OXIIM at Templeton College, Oxford, as a ending of a number of pieces of research that he and his colleagues had been under winning. They noticed that in all the significant cases of no-hit implementation of breeding technology for competitive advantage or for achieving major(ip) change in organisations, thither seemed to be a person at the heart of the development who displayed certain experience and characteristics. These were an understand of the business and what was req uired inwardly the business, combined with a technical competence that enabled them to understand what was required in technical toll, including the scope of what was being planned. In addition to this, they displayed two types of organisational skills. They knew how to get close to the business, and this implied that they knew the business and the people around it well, and they knew how to get things d whiz, possessing a circumstances of excellent social skills to listen, understand, negotiate and persuade (Colin Palmer,1990).Information TechnologyInternational technology (IT) is considered as one of major and important routes for competitive advantage in todays modern business world. Hence, any company which lacks in IT has a disadvantage in compare to those who possess this advantage. It in todays world is a pre-requisite for any firm. But, there are issues which are faced by IT and this makes it risk of infectiony as well. According to a recent survey it was found out t hat the three main issues which are faced by IT are Integrating IT with businessDeli actually on time and at heart budgetCost.The biggest problem for any organization lies in the integration of IT and Business. In business, one has to meet all the requirement of its client right from the reference of the product to the delivery date , the cost factor etc. All these things should be retiren into consideration . IT cannot stand alone. It inevitably the support of business management. There are many questions which needs to be answered. Questions like the failure of software development projects meeting the requirements of it users or the product being not delivered on time or the increase in cost . The problem lies in both the departments, technical and management. There is a huge gap between both the parties which does not bring home the bacon them to work competently. The increase in this gap is a matter of concern for the companies. Hence, any company which wants to succeed needs to bridge this gap. The Hybrid managers , who have an understanding of business and IT, can protagonist bridge these gaps and smoothen the path oh project management and software development. And herein lies the need for hybrid managers.Characteristics of a successful Hybrid ManagerSelf-motivated/like being challenged A successful hybrid is self-motivated person. He does not need any external factors to motivate him/her. His motivation lies within. Whe neer any grade of problem or complication arises, they have the might to make celestial latitudeisions. A successful hybrid manager is the one can occupy care of issues his own. They set high goals and always look to reach at the top. They have the confidence to step out of their comfort zone and try new ideas and strategies.They provide never give up. If stuck somewhere, they will try for various options to get out of it.Intelligent in the broad sense A successful hybrid has very beneficial technical skills. At the same time he also has a good knowledge about the business. He is intelligent in the sense that he has a very good understanding of of his job.Coping with conflicts He is not afraid of difficulties or problems. He is a self-motivated in the flesh(predicate)ity and hence he has the ability to cope with military press. He can take care of any issues. Even if he is stuck at something, he will try and come out of it. bendable Flexibility is another very important trait of a successful hybrid. He is open to change and new ideas. He adapts quickly to any environment, ever-changing conditions or any other obstacles in his working. Adjusting to new and dissimilar conditions and situations is extremely vital for any successful hybrid.Energetic and persistent He is full of aught . He keeps the work environment very lively and makes it easy to work. Having a lively and relaxed environment is extremely important for any organisation in evidence to prosper. It helps the employees to work effi ciently. Persistence is another important virtue of a successful hybrid manager. Along with being energetic, he should also be persistent so that it maintains a proper balance in the organisation. Good communication skills Good communication skills are the key for executing management skills. Good communication skills helps in having open conversations with the team members and avoids any misunderstanding within the group. It helps in conveying the correct message in a correct manner. And a successful hybrid possesses these skills.Leadership A successful hybrid manager is a very good leader. He possess the skills required by a good leader. A good leader is not only a self motivator but he also motivates others by his actions and words. A good leader is sure-footed and supportive. He is always available to his team. He eludes positivity and leads by examples.Creativity A successful hybrid is very creative. He has a vision for the organisation and he strives hard to transform that vision into reality. Innovative Innovation is another very important quality in a successful hybrid. Along with creativity he also needs to be innovative in his approach towards the organisation. He needs to develop new and innovative ideas in order to help the organisation prosper and achieve its goals.Bridging the gap between Technical department and management This is the most important work of a hybrid manager. And a successful hybrid manager is the one who is able to bridge this gap and help maintain the balance between these two departments. Integration of these two departments is the virtue of a successful hybrid manager.The need for Hybrid managersWith changing time, even the market is changing. The markets have globalised. It is the times of Globalisation. The competition has increased and the business has also become more(prenominal) competitive. The style of working has changed. Projects have become more critical, change programmes have become larger than before. The complexity of these programmes have increased. The company has to prove its viability of every opening which it undertakes. Gone are days when people where included in the organisation for their vertical skills. In todays business environment, the company demands its managers to be allrounders. They should be more business aware. Todays managers have to be more competent than how they were 10 years back. It has become more complex. He has to get the best out of his staff either by developing their skills or by recruiting new employees any which ways. The staff has to be managed properly. Not only that, he also has to take care of the technical part as well. A lot of importance has to be given to the project and the team. This was not the case earlier. With changing times, as competition has increased, the managers have to use different techniques of managing the organisation. These responsibilities were not there 10 years before. There is also an increasing belief that the problem s which the IT department faces are neither technical or fiscal in nature. Their main problem is organisational and managerial.Quality OutputIn todays highly competitive scenario, the quality of a product becomes the utmost important aim for any organisation. Now, companies cannot take the consumers or their clients for granted. They cannot take them for a ride. Today, people have lots of options which they can fall on. With the developing technology like the usage of internet, Just with the click of a button, the consumers can get what they want. Hence the focus on quality becomes extremely vital for any organisation in order to succeed. Hence, the role of hybrid managers becomes very important. The issue of quality is high on the companys agenda. The manager need to monitor the quality concern. His role is to examine the quality of the product while it is production. He should take the initiative to see to it that the quality of the product is maintained throughout. He should not wait until the product is developed completely and then check if there are nay faults or mistakes. He should check the products throughout until the development process till the product is completely finished. The hybrid manager should be responsible for the quality of the product .The hybrid should aim at creating a proper plan for assuring the quality of it product. Hence he needs to maintain the parameters of the quality. In business terms, quality could be defined as producing a business system on time, within budget, developed to agreed standards and providing the required degree of functionality. There are various verification techniques such asStructured walkthroughs. Informal reviews/inspections. Quality assurance reviews. Quality audits.Hence , there is huge responsibility on the shoulders of the hybrid manager to ensure that the quality of the product is maintained when it reaches the consumer.Partnerships According to a research done by Henderson in IT projects he found out that personal relations was the reason for creating bonding in the organisation. According to him You must have the ability to bypass the organization and go directly to someone who will . He insisted that, there is a need for building an effective building relationship between the line managers and the information system managers and the specialists. The gap between the line managers and the information system managers needs to be bridged. Miscommunication between any departments can have its effect on the organisation. Hence, the company needs to take appropriate steps in order to avoid any kind of faults. Hence, the hybrid managers come into the picture. They have expertise about the business management as well as the technical part. They can act as a link between these two departments. Thus, the hybrid managers play a very important role in the twenty-first century.Managing the change in business Change is the only constant. Whenever there is change in the business, there is always some kind of pressure on the manager to show military issues. The manager has to undertake lot of responsibilities. He has to manage and exercise a number of skills. He has to start making decisions. A solid world is a pre requisite for any kind of business. Hence, it is important for the hybrid manager to make a positive and controlled start. There are certain things which he needs to take into consideration like In brief, these initiation tasks can be seen as follows Establishing Terms of references of the new programme The manager needs to understand the terms and reference of the new business. Proper structure A proper structure needs to be in place for any issue regarding the change in programme. Managing pays It is also important for the manager to take care of the new finances. Understanding the basis of program, how it changed, how it was established and how the finances. Change control procedures All the changes made should be handled in a controlled mann er. All requests should be documented, impact assessed properly, priorities assigned and decisions made. If any procedure is left undefined then it will lead to loss of control. desex/tune methodology The manager should be familiar with the structuring of change programmes and should understand what tuning is necessary to minimise the risk of failure.Job cutting less complicationsHybrid managers can help the company in cost cutting as well. The managers are among the best paid employees. Therefore, having separate managers for the technical and management department will increase the expenditure of the company. In these times of recession, companies are looking to cut down on their workforce as much as possible. They are development different techniques to reduce their costs and total expenditure. All over the world , there are job cuts happening. Therefore having the same manager for the technical as well as the business management department will reduce the expenditure of the company to a certain extent. Also having a gross manager will be less complicated than having separate managers. Having separate managers can become complicated as they have expertise in their respective palm but hybrid managers have skill and adequate knowledge in both the departments.Financial awareness An hybrid manager literally means a person who looks after both the vault of heavens in the business likely managerial as well as the technical aspect, here this fiscal awareness comes under the sector of the managerial were it is the duty of the hybrid manager to look after the sector of monetary sector for the well being of the business. An hybrid manager should atleast have some knowledge on the basic accounting, simple cash flow statements, cash budgets, and things like that for the good functioning of the business. These basic knowledge on the financial sector will help the hybrid manager to understand the financial status of the business which gradually result in the deve lopment of the financial sector in the business. Knowledge in the financial will lead the hybrid manager to cover all the other sectors which are involved in the business because for every business financial sector is the main sector cause it is the place were the whole of the business is dependent on. If the financial sector of a business is not perfect then the whole business will collapse , at the same time if a financial sector of a business is perfect then the business can be brought high even from the level of mud. So it is the responsibility of the hybrid manager to look after the finance for the well being of the business. Hybrid manager should not only have an idea of the basic accounting but he should also have ideas on the day to day transactions which take place in the business, he should have known the details of the tangible and the intangible assets of the business, he should also be aware of the interest rates for the amount which is being lend to others and interest for the money which is being borrowed from others, overall he should have details on each and every single penny which is been spent, gained and invested in the business which is for the well being of the business where it is the duty of the hybrid manager to have all the details of the financial sectors and also the other sectors in the business.Risk ManagementRisk is the key the word of every business where there is some or the other differentiate of risk involved in each and every business. There can be no business without the risk management. The only difference which might be there in every business would be whether it is taken on a small scale or the risk is taken in a large scale. As the hybrid manager it is the duty of him to take proper risk on the necessary time when needed for the development of the business. It is not well(predicate) to take risk very often but it is the duty of the hybrid manager to take risk at the necessary times. It is easy to take risk and put th e business under risk but the hybrid manager should have calculation on possible effects which may occur because of taking such risk in the business and should also have the calculation on how to overcome those circumstance and the possibilities to overcome those circumstances which should all be cypher before taking. He should act in such a way to minimise the chances of failure in the business because of taking such risks in the business. He should also have the estimation cost which would occur because of taking such risk in the business and he should also be capable of use any situation in the business and should also be capable of handling pressure in the business which might occur because of taking such risks in the business. It is not that taking risk will always be successful for the business because there might be circumstance were it might also end up in failure where the hybrid manager should have the potential enough to manage those circumstance. The fear at those thos e circumstance will result in the failure of the business so the hybrid manager should have the potential to manage any situation which might occur in the business and he should have the capability of solving those problems.Effective and productive use of resourcesThe other important function of hybrid manager is effective and productive use of the resources where the hybrid manager should have the efficiency to utilize the maximum resource from each and every individual in the company which will result in the development of the business. There is a common saying which states that maximum utilization of minimum resources which means effective usage of the resources with the minimum level of source which is one of the most important functions of the hybrid manager where he should have knowledge of effective and productive use of the resources. A hybrid manager should be efficient enough to utilize each and every resource of the company for the well being and development of the compa ny. He should have the efficiency to motivate each and every individual who works in the organisations for the development of the business. The ultimate aim of the hybrid manager is to increase the individuals productivity level in the organisation. it is the responsibility of the hybrid manager to make use of each and every resources in the organisation for the benefit and development of the organisation.Coping with stressStress can easily be defined as pressure or demand on physical or mental energy which has an negative effective in it. There is a common saying which says that things can be properly done under pressure. Most of them think that stress and pressure are the same but it is not so pressure comes when there is too much of workload in the job or anything but pressure comes when there is too much of pressure in the job or anything, Being the head he can easily transfer his stress verbally or on nonverbal actions to other individual in the company but it is the duty of th e hybrid manager to manager to cope up with the stress and solve the problems by himself because if the manager shows his stress on the other individuals in will naturally result in stress on other worker who work in the company which will result in lack of concentration and unnecessary fear which would end up in certain problems in the organisation so it is the duty of the hybrid manager to cope up with the stress and to maintain it within himself to protect from unnecessary problems in the organisation. It is the duty of the hybrid manager to maintain peace and avoid pressure from the head of the other individuals who work under him, so that they can work properly without any pressure on him. ConclusionThe role of a Hybrid manager is very complex. He needs to have knowledge about all the areas of the business and he also needs to exceed in them. He needs to make a difference to the organisation. A hybrid manager is a self-motivated person, a good leader, creative, has good communi cation skills, flexible and always there to help his staff and team. The ability of a hybrid manager is to showcase his all round skills. A hybrid manager can also be called as an all rounder. As the times are changing, the competition has also increased. With the ever increasing competition, every company is looking for different ways to put out on the top. And in order to do this, having Hybrid managers is extremely vital. As the technology is developing, there is a need to go in hand in hand with it. And the hybrid managers are appropriate ambassadors to represent their respective organisations. Hence, as we have seen in this assignment, a hybrid manager is of great importance in the 21st century Global economy. There is a need to develop hybrid managers and enhance them for the growth of any organisation.Referencehttp//www.globalmorality.org/?q=content/hybrid-manager last accessed 4 dec 2009 http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=5U7o0FlH-AsCpg=PA436lpg=PA436dq=michael+earl+hybrid+m anagersource=blots=J2n0xjB8lZsig=9pMgjkR9GaQDjntX3sZkIxPpZQghl=enei=tuQgS4nxJdm5jAfLx-TiBwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CAgQ6AEwAAv=onepageq=michael%20earl%20hybrid%20managerf=false last accessed 4 dec 2009 http//itnow.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/6/22 last accessed 5 dec 2009 OConnor, G . Smallman, C. (1995). The hybrid manager a review. Management Decision. 33 (7), 19-28. Homes, G. (2001). The hybrid manager. Industrial and Commercial Training. 33 (1), 16-26.

Wide Area Networks, Observer Management and Monitoring Tools

large Area Networks, Observer Management and Monitoring ToolsAbstractIn this report the concepts of divers(prenominal) electronic entanglement management principles will be explored with a count on to demonstrating how Observer manages wide argona internets. The report will explore the issues with grisly and how Observer overcomes these problems.Introduction great area networks are becoming far-off more complex and far wider spread than ever before, this of course leads to some big problems for the network motorcoachs of these large scale networks. Most of these networks are huge in size and fuel tardily encompass an entire city, whereas most of them are transcontinental. This poses the startle of many problems for a network tutor, they may not be in the same continent as a large proportion of their network. This makes the use of network management software essential, such as Observer. Using network management software closes the network manager would not have to leave their desk to find any fault in the network whether it was in the next inhabit or half way across the globe.Literary ReviewThe most useful literary text the author found was from the new owners of Observer, the software use in this report. The new owners ViaviSolutions have published a white paper on using Observer Analyser, their latest version of the observer suite as a security tool. (anon, 2014)The ledger by Liu et al. (2014) provided a lot of insight into where wide area networks are going, and their optimisation. It contains interesting formulae for network optimisation using the Gauss-Newton order of nonlinear least squares. This principally agrees with the first text in this review about the disposition and make up of a wide area network.Ahmed Boutaba, (2014) goes on to agree in part with the rest of the daybooks about the nature of a WAN but goes on to discuss the fact that traditional find outlers can let bottle necks in the network and that opting for SDN (Softwa re Defined Network) allows for a faster network and a higher level of pure tone overall.Ahmedi Mitrevski, (2014) looks at possibly the but veridical area of disagreement with regards to WANs and that is how much they cost. The relative cost of implementing and the monthly upkeep of a network seems to be the only area where professionals disagree about these networks.anon (2008). This seminar outlined the principles of network management that are considered as industry standard.Cahn, (1998). This journal looks at the design of WANs and their benefits, and this also agrees with the principles outlined in the previous articles mentioned, including the ambiguous nature of the costing of a network. It outlines on that point are only three important numbers when considering a WAN, these are the cost, either monthly up keep, total coiffure up cost or a mixture of both, the reliability and the response periods, and goes on to say these are all directly proportional to each other, as in if you reduce the amount of money spent the response time goes up which brings the reliability down.Dian Septama et al., (2015). In this journal there is lots of information regarding providing a high quality of service, one of the main areas a network manager faces the biggest struggles and can cause the biggest issues aside from security.Feng et al.,( 2014) this journal explores the real world application of a WAN and covers the issues in using traditional methods against new technologies which are opting for more automation and utilising programs and algorithms to manage the trivial day-to-day caterpillar track of a network which frees up the human element to focus their time on more important tasks.Geer,( 2013)this journal focuses more on the security and current state of the internet, but in essence the internet is just a very large WAN and so its management and security are relevant here(Langer et al., 2010) this journal uses the utilization of a healthcare organisation u tilising the fast and secure delivery methods of a WAN to transport confidential patient files and details across the WAN to contrary geographical steads, the main example used is radiology images. These are now digital images and are large in size due to the resolutions required to accu aimly use them for medical diagnosis.Malhotra et al., (2011) this journal replicates closely the experiment that was carried out by the author of this report, the main differences are this journal experiments with a LAN and uses OPNET to generate the usage. scrape et al., (2007) this journal agrees with Ahmed Boutaba, (2014) and Feng et al.,( 2014) in so much as they state that a network should be monitored and managed by an algorithm based on the existing SNMP framework.Tiropanis et al., (2015)this journal explores the instruction of networks and their respective sciences and how these have evolved, specifically into internet science and web science. And how each of these areas are evolving in their own areas and how each of them has an impact on the others.Travostino et al., (2006) this journal outlines another real world application of WANs for the distribution of virtual machines and how they can be utilise to compute large tasks aver the network instead of only using local resources.Wang et al., (2014) this journal documents an experiment into the future of how security of a WAN could be implemented. It outlays an idea of sending the authentication key across the network securely but not via mathematical encoding to deter eavesdroppers but by quantum physics. The system uses high frequency lasers beamed down fibre optic cables which are encoded by the transmitter and then decoded by a receiver, the encryption is encoded into the specific frequency of the lasers architecture and photon length. Each transmitter and receiver contain sophisticated supervise circuitry which monitor the incoming traffic and actively scan for Trojan horse photons from the channel.Observer and wide area networksFor the purposes of this report the author created a phoney WAN to utilise the software Observer to implement network management. The network simulated three terminals situated in three cities around the world. The console was simulated as being in London, one was in Paris and the other was in New YorkFig 1 Showing Simulated Geographical Location of condole with (Circled) Fig 2 Showing Simulated Geographical Location of Second PC (Circled)Fig 3 Showing Simulated Geographical Location of triad PC (Circled)Once the author had set up the WAN they opened Observer on each of the machines connected to the virtual WAN. The machine simulated as London was selected as the machine to be the console for the purpose of managing the network and so was con anatomyured to collate the data generated by the network. The other two machines utilised the inbuilt traffic generation tool in Observer. Although the software produces traffic this is of a CBR style and so the data re ceived is evidently simulated but for the purpose of this report this is acceptable. The traffic generator in Observer comes with a plethora of options. The default option sends a small group of packets with on a dish out channel (ffffffffffff) the author altered this setting to generate the spend talkers and pair matrix graphs as on a broadcast channel all the traffic appeared to be generating and received by the switchs MAC address which wasnt the case. The size of the packet and the transmission length were also altered to pee-pee a larger test sample. The author also tried to generate random traffic which is one of the options but this seemed to have no effect on the traffic generated as it was constant bit rate style simulation traffic.Fig 4 observer running on first PC (Simulated location Paris)Fig 5 Observer running on third PC (simulated location New York)Fig 6 Traffic Generation on import PC (Paris)Fig 7 Traffic Generation on third PC (New York)On the console PC observ er was running several of its functonal windowpanes, first of which was the top talkers windows. This window is utilised to identify the staations on the network with the highest traffic volumes. This is particularly usefull from a management perspective as to monitor the personality of the network in order to maintain smooth operation, and identify potential security threats. (Anon, 2016) the top talkers screen provides a huge amount of information about the different stations attached to the network, including the amount of traffic generated and received by the node in both packets and bytes, its MAC address, its IP address . From this screen the network manager can monitor all the nodes on the network and diagnose issues as they happen. If a node suddenly starts generating large amounts of traffic for no apparent fountain the network manager can have observer set up an alert and even have it send a SMS message or telecommunicate reporting the issue. This ensures the network ma nager can stay on top of all aspects of the network regardless of time or location. If any issues arise the network manager can deploy a resource from the technical team to resolve the problem swiftly so as not to impact upon the quality of service.Fig 8 Observer Top Talkers window with Paris PC selectedFig 9 Observer Top Talkers window with New York PC selected look at the top talkers window identifies that the two Traffic generating PCs were indeed the ones with the heaviest traffic flow, followed by the swiches and hub that connected them all together. A network manager looking at this screen can monitor all machines connected to the network regardless of geographical location, even wireless connections are evidencen and can be monitored. (Liu et al., 2014)Another window on the console pc is the paired matrix screen. With this tool the network manage can monitor the pathways the network traffic is taking on the network. by means of with(predicate) this analysis the network man ager can optimise the network through routing manipulation. If a particular router is getting the brunt of the network traffic a second router can be installed to share the traffic burden and reduce the utilisation of the initial router and theoretically improve the quality of service. (Anon, 2016), (Anon, 2008)Fig 10 the Pair Matrix window showing traffic from the Paris PC the the New York pc and then to conslolePCFig 11 Paris and New York PCs traffic going straight to Consloe PCThe final tool used by the author is the packet bewitch window. The first attempts at packet capture by the author demonstrated the enquire for checking the settings thouroughly as the buffer for capture was very small and so the captured line on the graph was tiny to start with untill this was increased by the author. After change magnitude the buffer size the graphs look much better and the data far more usable.After increaseing the buffer hugely the traffic was restarted and the capture began again. T he packet capture showed the traffic being generated as it monitors all traffic on the network, but will only capture a certain amount for analysis.Fig 12 Packet Capture window showing the current traffic on the network ( discolor line shows packets captured, blue line is total packets on network)Fig 13 Packet cature after buffer increasedFig 14 Dialogue box from Observer detailing total packets and ability to save the range for subsequent referenceThrough the packet capture the network manager can observe the networks personality again to monitor for threats and ecumenic maintenance of the network. (Anon, 2016)ResultsAfter running the experiment the data collected showed exactly how powerful the observer tool can be, although there was only three machines the scope of observers abilities is evident and can easily be imagined for a network of three thousand machines. The interface can be de-cluttered to show only relevant information so the network manager wouldnt get bogged down with an information overload.Looking at the paired matrix graphs there are several lines on the screen all of which are communiqus between nodes on the network, not all of these are PCs most of them are routers and switches along which the WAN is established. The thickness of each line denotes the amount of traffic it has dealt with. These lines show both incoming and outgoing traffic and the lines connect the source to its destination address. The labels are acombination of the assigned name, normally the name assigned in the NIC and its MAC address EG. Broadcom5A7C09 the label for the console PC.As shown in fig 11 the packets do not have to be routed to or even through the console PC for Observer to pick the packets up and display them.The data collected from the packet capture can be used to manually visualize the utilisation of the network, although this can also be worked out by Observer automatically. The packet capture screen is in a graph format with time across the bottom and the amount of packets per second up the side. There are three coloured lines on the graph blue which denotes the total packets on the network, yellow which are the packets captured by Observer and red which denotes the amount of dropped packets. In the data captured there were no dropped packets, and a peak of approximately 500 packets per second. This flow rate lasts for five minutes with no dropped packets, showing the networks utilisation was at heart acceptable ranges. if there had been dropped packets it would show that the network was working too hard and there for would mean it had a high utilisation and would prompt the network manager to address the utilisation, and to optimise the efficiency of the network.Looking at the top talkers table in fig 9, in this data it is evident which nodes on the network receive the most and also which transmit the most. This information is highly important to the network manager as these are essential to the security and effective maint enance of the network. For example if there was an employee using the companys network to watch movies on their workstation the network manager would see within Observer a radical change to the stoichiometry of the network and its personality would change. Once this change had been brought to the network managers attention they could look on Observer at the top talkers and paired matrix charts and identify which terminal was using an abnormal amount of the networks bandwidth and then take action against the offending party in line with the companys IT policy. inferenceThis report has looked at the management techniques used in applying wide area networks, their future, their application in the real world and their design and deployment, it is the opinion of the author that the general consensus is that the IT community seem to be in agreement about most concepts of wide area networks, apart from the cost of them, and how to control them. Although the majority of newer reports (Shin et al., 2007), (Ahmed Boutaba, 2014), and (Feng et al., 2014) are swayed towards having the majority of the control handed over to algorithms and evolution programs, there is also still call for there to be a human element to be snarly in the management process. After looking through the papers used in the research for this report it is the opinion of the author that the application of a strong managed WAN is far more beneficial than any other communication option, considering the internet is in reality just a huge WAN its self, a WAN can run everything in a business or academic environment, from physical security like door locks and fire alarms through to phones (Dian Septama et al., 2015) and lighting, there are even applications to control environmental conditions. With the introduction of automated network managers, the buildings air conditioning could be being controlled by a computer thousands of miles away.With the development of encrypted laser communications utilised in QKD making networks virtually completely secure the control of more sensitive systems may fall under the control of larger WANs and possibly a large central, global WAN to control all the mundane systems around the globe.To conclude this report the author believes in view of the huge advances in using automated network management options and the amount of non communications based areas controlled by nodes on the network, coupled with the advancements made in hokey intelligence the role of the human network manager could become extinct as we know it. The role could progress to either being an overseer of the AI or completely redundant altogether.BibliographyAhmed, R. Boutaba, R. (2014) Design considerations for managing wide area software defined networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., 52 (7), pp.116-123.Ahmedi, B. Mitrevski, P. (2014) On The Development of Methodology for Planning and Cost-Modeling of A Wide Area Network. IJCNC, 6 (3), pp.71-90.Anon (2008) 10th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS2008). IEICE Communications Society Magazine, 2008 (7), pp.7_12-7_15.Anon (2014) USING A NETWORK ANALYZER AS A SECURITY TOOL. 1st ed. Minnetonka. Available from Accessed 17 December 2015.Cahn, R. (1998) Wide area network design. San Francisco, Calif., Morgan Kaufmann.Dian Septama, H., Ulvan, A., Hlavacek, J. Bestak, R. (2015) High Available VoIP Server Failover Mechanism in Wide Area Network. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 13 (2), p.739.Feng, Y., Cui, D., Li, Y., Zhang, J. Li, J. (2014) Contrasting Meteorological Wide-Area Networks and Evolutionary Programming. AMM, 687-691, pp.2557-2560.Geer, D. (2013) Resolved. Communications of the ACM, 56 (6), p.48.Langer, S., French, T. Segovis, C. (2010) TCP/IP Optimization over Wide Area Networks Implications for Teleradiology. daybook of Digital Imaging, 24 (2), pp.314-321.Liu, L., Ling, Q. Han, Z. (2014) Decentralized Gauss-Newton method for nonlinear least squares on w ide area network. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 67, p.012021.Malhotra, R., Gupta, V. K. Bansal, R. (2011) Simulation and Performance Analysis of Wired and Wireless information processing system Networks. International Journal of Computer Applications, 14 (7), pp.11-17.Shin, K., Jung, J., Cheon, J. Choi, S. (2007) Real-time network monitoring scheme based on SNMP for dynamic information. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 30 (1), pp.331-353.Tiropanis, T., Hall, W., Crowcroft, J., Contractor, N. Tassiulas, L. (2015) Network science, web science, and internet science. Communications of the ACM, 58 (8), pp.76-82.Travostino, F., Daspit, P., Gommans, L., Jog, C., de Laat, C., Mambretti, J., Monga, I., van Oudenaarde, B., Raghunath, S. Yonghui Wang, P. (2006) Seamless live migration of virtual machines over the MAN/WAN. Future Generation Computer Systems, 22 (8), pp.901-907.Wang, S., Chen, W., Yin, Z., Li, H., He, D., Li, Y., Zhou, Z., Song, X., Li, F., Wang, D., Chen, H ., Han, Y., Huang, J., Guo, J., Hao, P., Li, M., Zhang, C., Liu, D., Liang, W., Miao, C., Wu, P., Guo, G. Han, Z. (2014) Field and long-term demonstration of a wide area quantum key distribution network. Opt. Express, 22 (18), p.21739.